Thorax 
Figure 4-3 (left): Schematic drawing of dorsal aspect of thorax, internal view (ventral parts of ribs and sternum 
removed). Ribs demonstrate pronounced obliquity; first two rib pairs bend cranially, whereas remaining ribs bend 
caudally. 1 =costae; 2 = diaphragma; 3 = plexus brachialis. 
Figure 4-4 (right): Schematic drawing of lateral aspect of thorax, internal view (animal cut longitudinally in mid- 
line). Ribs demonstrate marked dorsoventral obliquity most pronounced in first two ribs. First rib curves from 
caudodorsal to cranioventral, whereas second rib, in dorsal part, bends caudally and forms cranioventral curve 
with its ventral portion. Ventral part of intercostal space between first two ribs is thus markedly wider than dorsal 
part. 1 =costae; 2 = diaphragma; 3 = vertebrae thoracicae; 4= pleura costalis. 
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