Abdomen and Pelvis 
mesenterici craniales) lie near the apex of the cae- 
cum, caudal to the pancreas at the root of the mes- 
entery {radix mesenterii). All lymphatic vessels 
draining the intestines (except the descending 
colon) overflow^ to this lymph node. 
The jejunal lymph nodes {Inn. jejunales) consist 
of an aggregation of up to 10 lymph nodes situated 
near the root of the mesentery of the small intestine, 
adjacent to the cranial mesenteric lymph nodes. 
They drain the jejunum and ileum and flow to the 
cranial mesenteric lymph nodes. 
The ileocaecal lymph nodes {Inn. ileocaecales) 
form an aggregation of 3 to 5 lymph nodes in the 
region of the ileocaecal junction, within the mes- 
entery between ileum and caecum. They drain the 
ileum and caecum and flow to the cranial mesenteric 
lymph node. 
The colic lymph nodes {Inn. colici) vary in num- 
ber from 3 to 6 and are situated within the meso- 
colon of the various segments of the colon. They 
drain the respective segments of the colon and flow 
to the cranial mesenteric lymph node. 
5.7.2 Lumbar Lymph Center 
The renal lymph nodes {Inn. renales) lie medial 
to the hilus of each kidney (Fig. 3-12) and drain the 
kidney into the lumbar trunk. The lumbar aortic 
lymph nodes {Inn. lumbales aortici), which are 
situated along the aorta and caudal vena cava, also 
are drained by the lumbar trunk. 
5.7.3 Lymph Nodes of the Pelvis and 
Hind Limb 
A number of separate lymph centers in this re- 
gion are identified {lymphocentra iliosacrale, ilio- 
femorale, inguinofemorale, popliteum, and others). 
However, all lymphatic flow from this region ulti- 
mately passes cranially through the lumbar trunk, 
the iliac lymph nodes {Inn. iliaci). 
The lateral iliac lymph nodes {Inn. iliaci later- 
ales) consist of a pair of large ellipsoid nodes (Fig. 
3-12) situated lateral to the aorta and vena cava 
immediately cranial to the origin of the common 
iliac arteries and veins. The medial iliac lymph 
nodes {Inn. iliaci mediales) consist of a group of 
two or more small nodes medial to the common 
iliac arteries just caudal to the bifurcation. The iliac 
lymph nodes drain the pelvis and pelvic organs, as 
well as parts of the hind limb directly, into the lum- 
bar trunk. The sacral lymph nodes {Inn. sacrales) 
consist of one or two lymph nodes which lie imme- 
diately caudal to the bifurcation of the aorta (Fig. 
3-12). They drain the sacral region, tail and repro- 
ductive organs into the iliac lymph nodes. 
The superficial inguinal lymph nodes {Inn. in- 
guinales super ficiales) (Fig. 3-12) are very small 
and lie superficially on the proximal medial surface 
of the hind limb, covered only by the skin. They 
drain the skin of the abdominal wall and proximal 
parts of the hind limb and flow to the deep inguinal 
nodes {Inn. inguinale s profundi) (Fig. 3-12). The 
latter are situated lateral to the femoral vein {v. 
femoralis) at the point where it courses through the 
abdominal wall. They drain the superficial inguinal 
and the popliteal lymph nodes and fiow to the iliac 
lymph nodes. 
The popliteal lymph node {In. popliteus) (Fig. 
3-12) lies at the bend of the knee medial to the 
biceps muscle of the thigh {m. biceps femoris), lat- 
eral to the semitendinous muscle {m. semitendino- 
sus), and cranial to the gastrocnemius muscle (m. 
gastrocnemius). It drains the lateral and dorsal 
parts of the foot and overflows to the deep inguinal 
lymph node. 
5.8 MALE GENITAL ORGANS 
The testes are located within the scrotum when 
active, and are responsible for the formation of the 
sperm. The ductus deferens originates from the 
epididymis and empties into the urethra. In this 
way, a urogenital canal is formed, arourui which 
the following accessory genital glands {gll. genitales 
accessoriae) are grouped: vesicular glands {gll. 
vesiculares), prostate gland {prostata) and bulbo- 
urethral glands {gll. bulbourethrales). Also con- 
sidered as accessory genital glands are the glandu- 
lar portions of the vas deferens, the ampullae. All 
empty into the pelvic part {pars pelvina) of the 
urethra. The ejaculate is formed at the time of ejac- 
ulation, when the secretions of these glands mingle 
with the discharged sperm. 
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