REPORT ON THE HUMAN CRANIA. 
53 
if growing in separate locks, 1 exactly as in the Humboldt Bay natives. Hair is rarely present in any 
quantity on the back or chest, but in a few exceptionally hairy examples it was well marked. 
" The hair of the head, which is worn long only by the younger adult males, formed in them a 
dense mop, projecting in all directions 6 to 8 inches from the head. It appeared less luxuriant in 
growth than that of the Papuans of Humboldt Bay. The hair is crisp, glossy, and extremely elastic, 
and every hair rolls itself up into a spiral of small diameter. 
"In general appearance, thus, it is fine curly like that of Fijians. On comparing it with a very 
small sample of hair of the natives of Humboldt Bay, taken from several native combs, the Papuan 
hair proves to be somewhat coarser ; but in other respects the two hairs are closely alike, the diameters 
of the spirals of the curls being the same. Some hair from a native of Api, New Hebrides, is of 
about the same coarseness as the Admiralty Island hair, but the curls are of much smaller diameter. 
The hair of the Api Islanders seems to be remarkable for the fineness of its curls. In Tongan hair the 
curls are of far larger diameter than those of the Papuan or Admiralty Island hair. 
" The fineness of the curl of the hair in various Polynesian and Papuan races which I have seen 
seems to be pretty constant in each race and characteristic. It might be estimated by measuring the 
diameter of the circles formed by the separate spirally twisted hairs, and taking the average of several 
measurements. No doubt a certain curve of the hair follicles corresponds with, and produces the 
curl in the hairs, as in the case of the hair follicles of the negro, as discovered by Mr. Stewart ; 2 but 
the amount of curve will be peculiar to each race. The hair of both head and body of the Admiralty 
Islanders is naturally black, that of the head being of a glossy black. 
" A very slight trace of whiskers is present in most of the men, as a small black streak on the very 
upper part of the cheek, looking almost like a continuation of the hair of the crown. Regular bushy 
whiskers were seen only in the case of one man, who had a continuous frill round his face, formed of 
conjoined whiskers and beard. This man was also remarkable for the greater hairiness of his body; 
hence I imagine that whiskers and hair generally on the face are exceptional, and not removed by 
shaving. One or two men had short pointed beards without whiskers. 
" Eyebrows were generally absent, very probably shaved off (the natives made signs when offered 
razors that they used obsidian knives for shaving). I saw eyelashes long and well- developed in some 
youths. 
" The eyes are not in the least oblique, and open full and widely. The iris is of a dark brown. 
The forehead is somewhat flattened. There is usually a well-marked depression at the origin of the 
nose, the brow thus somewhat overhanging. The cheek bones are prominent, the face diminishing 
rapidly beneath them, to terminate in the straight fronted chin. The nose is usually short, with 
wide alse and flattened tip. The nostrils are not patent in the adults, or only just to be seen into 
under the aloe. 
" In the children the noses are more flattened, and the nostrils somewhat more patent. The septum 
1 This appearance is probably merely due to the tendency of the hairs evenly distributed at their bases to collect 
together and combine into curls, and must not be taken to imply necessarily the existence of a condensation 
or aggregation of hair follicles at certain spots, producing hair growing in separate locks, which condition was 
formerly erroneously supposed to occur ou the scalps of Papuans. The body hairs form small curly locks in 
other races. 
2 Charles Stewart, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., Note on the Scalp of a Negro, Micr. Journ., 1873, p. 54. 
[Dr. T. P. Anderson Stuart confirms the statement of the curve of the hair follicles in the negro, but places the 
papilla very much laterally to the opening of the follicle, so that the hair grows freely up out of the scalp, and the plane 
of the curl is vertical to the surface of the scalp. Journ. Anat. and Phys., April 1882. — W. T.] 
