54 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
nasi in all the adults is perforated, and the lower margin of the perforation usually dragged down by 
the suspension of ornaments, so that in a profile view of the face the large aperture in the septum is 
looked through by the observer. 
" Some of the natives, as at Humboldt Bay, have most remarkable long Jewish noses. About 1 
in every 15 or 20 has such a nose. I at first imagined that this form of nose was produced to some 
extent by long action of excessively heavy nose ornaments, but I saw one youth of only 16 or 17 
with such a nose very fully developed, and I saw more than one woman with a well-marked arched 
nose with dependent tip, and the women appear to wear no nose ornaments. An incomplete mixture 
of two races may possibly exist here, but unfortunately I did not carefully observe with this view 
whether the natives with Jewish noses showed other points in common in which they differed from 
the remainder of the population. One of the most marked instances of these peculiar features was 
that of the head man or chief of Wild Island (Oto). 
" The lips are of a light brown, very slightly pinkish. They are usually very little prominent, 
and are not unusually large. The chins are usually straight in front, not rounded, and not prominent, 
sometimes apparently receding. The jaws are wide. The lower line of the jaws is remarkably straight 
and horizontal. The lobes of the ears are enlarged and dragged into a long loop by the weight of 
suspended ornaments. The penis is usually of moderate size. I saw only one man who had a remark- 
ably large one. 
"Some few' of the women were large and stout. One woman that I saw must have been 5 feet 
6 inches in height, but such women were exceptional. 
" Drawings of the heads of three natives are given, enlarged from photographs, in PI. xxiii. 
figs. 1, 2, 3. 
" Variability. The occurrence of Jewish noses in a certain numbex of the Admiralty Islanders has 
already been described. As another instauce of variability, I may state that I saw one boy on "Wild 
Island who, though in other respects just like the rest, had his hair quite straight. Light-coloured 
skins were rare, but I saw one man and two women whose skins were of a light yellow colour." 
General characters of the crania. — The collection of crania from the Admiralty 
Islands consisted of eleven skulls, a calvaria, and a face. Only one skull had the lower 
jaw attached, but there was in addition a loose lower jaw, which could not definitely be 
associated with any of the crania. The individual crania are distinguished in this descrip- 
tion by the letters A to N inclusive. 1 
Several of the crania had the appearance of having been exposed to the weather, as the 
outer table was peeling off in thin flakes, and the bones were greenish and discoloured. 
The majority of the crania were smeared with a red pigment, usually without any pattern, 
but in two specimens A and M, a red band had been drawn around each orbit, and 
vertical lines on the frontal bone. 
The orbits in the skull D were each filled with a black hardened mass, in the centre 
of which was a valve of a bivalve shell to represent the eye. A similar black material 
had been used to fill up the hollow at the base of the skull, between the foramen magnum 
1 By the permission of the Lords Commissioners of H.M. Treasury I exhibited and described these crania at the 
International Medical Congress in London, August, 1881. An abstract of my communication was published in the 
Transactions of the Congress, vol. i. p. 146, Anatomical section, and in the Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. xvi. p. 135. 
