56 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER 
glabella and supraciliary ridges were feeble, so much so indeed that the difference between 
the glabello-occipital and ophryo-occipital diameters in no instance exceeded 2 mm., and 
usually was not more than 1 mm. The forehead was not retreating. The profile outline 
of the crania through the upper frontal, parietal, and occipital regions, formed a con- 
tinuous curve. In all, the most projecting part of the occiput was in the occipital squama 
above the occipital protuberance. Some of the crania showed a slight flattening in 
the hinder parietal region ; this flattened part was not however vertical, but inclined 
downwards and backwards to form a curve with the superior occipital squama, so that it 
did not resemble the flattening produced in the parieto-occipital region in skulls subjected 
to artificial compression during infancy. In the crania generally the cerebellar fossa? in 
the occipital bone had no great bulging, and in two specimens this part of the bone 
was almost flat on its inferior aspect. In K the occipital region was unsymmetrical, for 
the left side of the bone projected further back than the right. In all except one 
specimen the frontal longitudinal arc exceeded the occipital. In all except one skull the 
parietal arc exceeded the frontal, and in all the parietal was greater than the occipital. 
The nasal bones were neither large nor very prominent ; they varied in length from 
15 to 26 mm. and in greatest breadth from 5 to 10 mm. They curved downwards and 
forwards, so that the osseous bridge of the nose was shallow and concave ; but owing 
to the feeble glabella the naso-frontal suture was not deeply depressed. The interzy- 
gomatic exceeded the Stephanie, asterionic, and intermalar diameters in all the skulls 
where the zygomata were so uninjured as to permit that diameter to be measured, but 
the interzygomatic diameter with one exception (B) was less than the greatest breadth in 
the parieto-squamous region. In several instances the intermalar breadth was greater 
than either the Stephanie or asterionic. The mean interorbital breadth was 21 '7 mm., 
the maximum in two instances being 26 mm., the minimum in one specimen 18 mm. 
In all the specimens except H and K the teeth were fully erupted, but in the 
majority of the crania the teeth had dropped out of the alveoli, obviously before the 
skulls were collected. The teeth which remained were either bicuspids or molars, and 
the grinding surfaces of the crowns were not as a rule much worn down. The incisors 
were not in place in any one of the skulls, although their sockets were unabsorbed. 
None of the teeth showed any evidence of decay. G was the only skull in which a 
canine tooth was present ; it was worn almost to a stump, and the sockets of the molars 
were in process of absorption. In H the sockets of the upper canines and wisdom teeth 
were absorbed. 1 
The cranial sutures were as a rule simple in their denticulations, and this simplicity 
1 None of the crania exhibited that very remarkable magnitude of the incisor teeth which Miklucho-Maclay has 
described in some natives of the Admiralty Islands and of Hermit Island. The upper incisors in these persons projected 
downwards and forwards so as to appear between the lips. In one case, which he measured, the crown of an incisor tooth 
was 22 mm. long, 19 broad, and 11 mm. thick. The women showed this peculiarity less frequently than the men. 
See Verhandl. der Berlin Gesellschaft fur Anthrop., 16 Dec. 1876, in Zeitschr. fur Ethnol, Bd. viii., 1876. 
