76 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
to the maximum 77 (male) was 7. In each skull the height was less than the greatest 
breadth, and the altitudinal index was less than the cephalic index. The crania were 
metriocephalic. 
The mean gnathic index was 96, and the range of variation from the minimum 92 
(male) to the maximum 100 (male and female) was 8. The crania on the average were 
orthognathic, though three specimens were mesognathic. The mean facial index was 66, 
and the range of variation from 61, the lowest (a female), to 70'8 the highest (a male), 
was 10. The mean nasal index was 47, and the range of variation from 42 (male), the 
minimum, to 54, the maximum (female), was 12. On the average they were leptorhine, 
only two specimens exceeding the highest term of that series. The mean orbital index 
was 88, and the range from the lowest, 80 (male), to the highest, 95 (male), was as much as 
1 5. The average was mesoseme, but individuals were either micro-, meso-, or megaseme. 
The mean palato-maxillary index was 113, and the range from 107, the minimum, to 120, 
the maximum, was as much as 13 ; the average was mesuranic. The great width of the 
palato-alveolar region of the child, as compared with the length, was due to the imperfect 
molar dentition, as only the first pair of true molars were in place. 
The mean internal capacity of the adults was 1387 c.c, the mean of six males was 
1428 c.c, of two females 1263*5 c.c, both the females were microcephalic. The general 
of the two sexes, and of the males was mesocephalic ; three males were megacephalic and 
one microcephalic It is remarkable that the child, of probably the sixth year, should 
have had a capacity of 1492 c.c 
The Chatham Island skulls were, therefore, on the mean mesaticephalic, metrio- 
cephalic, orthognathic, phaenozygous, leptorhine, mesoseme, mesuranic and mesocephalic. 
NEW ZEALANDERS (MAORI). 
Plate VII. Tables XIV., XV., XVIII. , XIX. 
Three of the Maori skulls collected by the Challenger were presented by the Colonial 
Museum, Wellington. One of these was marked Waikato tribe, "the modern Maori," North 
Island ; another was labelled East Cape tribe, North Island (Keu, or red haired) ; the third 
was labelled Hawea tribe, or Moa Hunter, West Coast, Jackson Bay, South Island. A 
fourth specimen was presented by Mr. Travers, of Wellington, but the tribal name was not 
given. Along with the above I have examined a series of seventeen skulls in the 
Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh. Seven of these specimens were 
presented by Dr. J. Batty Tuke, who collected them in 1861, in the district of Cook's 
Straits ; six of these crania were obtained on Kapiti, or Entrance Island, which lies on the 
north side of the western approach to Cook's Strait ; 1 one was taken from an old Maori 
1 As the skulls from Kapiti Island are a very interesting series I transcribe from the Museum Catalogue the 
following notes by their donor, Dr. J. Batty Tuke, who procured them " whilst on a coasting voyage in the schooner 
