78 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
the obelion into the occipital region was steeper than in the more elongated crania. The 
occipital squama projected behind the inion, but in some specimens the projection was 
very slight. In the males the frontal longitudinal arc was in one case equal to the 
occipital, but in all the other specimens exceeded it. In six cases the frontal exceeded 
the parietal, in three the parietal arc was the longer. In five the parietal was greater 
than the occipital. In the females the frontal longitudinal arc was greater than the 
occipital in all the specimens except one; in two cases the frontal equalled, in four 
exceeded, and in one was less than the parietal. The parietal arc exceeded the occipital 
in four specimens, and in two was less than it. 
The bridge of the nose was concave upwards and forwards, sometimes with a deep 
curve, in others slightly convex, near the tip. The nasal bones ranged in length from 20 
to 34 mm., and in greatest width from 6 to 11 mm. The skull (Kapiti C) in which the 
nasal was 34 mm. by 11 mm., was that in which the interorbital diameter was 29 mm. 
The nasal spine of the superior maxillae was distinct, though not as a rule very 
prominent. The anterior nares in some skulls were markedly wider than in others. 
Many of the crania were flattened in the frontal region immediately above the external 
orbital process, and this process was therefore prominent. In both males and females 
the interzygomatic and intermalar diameters exceeded the Stephanie and asterionic in the 
same skull. The relations of the interzygomatic and greatest diameter in the parieto- 
squamous region were variable ; in four cases the interzygomatic exceeded the inter- 
parietal, in six it was less, and in one it was equal. The interorbital diameter ranged 
from 21 to 29 mm. 
In five skulls the upper wisdom teeth were either not erupted, or were shed, and the 
alveoli absorbed. The teeth in the aged skulls were much worn, and the crowns 
flattened but not decayed. From the dentition of the young skulls, they were children 
apparently of 8, 10, and 16 years. 
In six specimens the sutures of the cranial vault had almost disappeared from senile 
obliteration, and in another they were partially synostosed. In many of the crania the 
sutures at and near the bregma were very simple in their denticulation. No skull was 
metopic. Wormian bones were present in several specimens in the lambdoidal suture, 
and in two crania a pair of large triquetrals occupied the lambda. In one a considerable 
epipteric bone was in each pterion, and in the child of 8 the left squamous temporal 
articulated directly with the frontal, but the right did not. The os planum of the 
ethmoid, though relatively small, was normal in shape. The maxillo-premaxillary suture 
was faintly seen in several adults, and more distinctly in the children on the anterior part 
of the hard palate. The malar bone was not divided. In many of the crania, both 
adults and two of the children, a denticulated suture passed through the inferior border 
of the orbit from the infraorbital foramen to the roof of the infraorbital canal, imme- 
diately internal to the malo-maxillary suture. In one adult the left auditory meatus 
