46 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
Since the previous part of this Report on the Australian skulls was in type, T have 
had the opportunity of examining fourteen additional Australian adult crania, seven of 
which were males, four females, and three doubtful, though probably females. These 
specimens, so far as the localities were known, were from Curtis Island, Moreton Bay, 
and Rockhampton in Queensland, from the neighbourhood of Sydney and Maitland in 
New South Wales, from the interior of South Australia and from the Milang tribe, 
Lake Alexandrina district. 1 
When these specimens are included along with the thirty adult skulls, the length, 
breadth, and height measurements of which are recorded in Tables III., IV., and V., my 
own observations extend to forty-four crania, which when analysed give the following 
results as regards the proportion between the cephalic and vertical indices in the two sexes. 
Fourteen, viz., four males and ten females, had the vertical index less than the cephalic ; 
seven, viz., six males and one female, had these two indices equal ; and twenty-three, viz., 
seventeen males and six females, had the vertical index greater than the cephalic. 
By combining the measures which MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy have themselves 
made, those contained in Dr. Barnard Davis's collection, those recorded by Prof. Flower 
in his Catalogue, and the forty-four specimens measured by myself, a series of about one 
hundred and fifty Australian crania, derived both from the extensive coast-line and the 
interior of that great island-continent, is before us, from which the following conclusions 
may be drawn as to the relations of length, breadth, and height in the two sexes. 2 
In fifty-one specimens the vertical index was less than the cephalic, and of these 
twenty-one were probably males and thirty females ; in fifteen these two indices 
were equal, and of these eleven were probably males and four females ; in eighty- 
five the vertical index was greater than the cephalic, and of these sixty-seven were 
probably males and eighteen females. 
As the localities from which one hundred and twenty-nine of the above crania were 
derived are known, it is now possible to form a general conclusion as to the parts of 
Australia in which the crania have a tendency to possess a vertical index below the 
cephalic, i.e., to show dolicho-platycephalic proportions. 
1 These specimens are either in the Phrenological Museum in this city, in the collection of Dr. Arthur Mitchell, or 
have been recently presented to the Anatomical Museum of the University. A specimen, a male, from the Milang tribe 
of South Australia in the Lake Alexandrina district, 50 miles south-east of Adelaide, presented by Mr. E. S. Rogers, is 
especially interesting. It is a characteristic dolicho-platycephalic skull, length 191 mm., height 125 mm., breadth 
130 mm. The vertical index is 65, the cephalic index 68. The glabella and supra-orbital borders are massive and 
projecting. The face was unfortunately injured, so that the orbital and nasal indices can only be given approximately 
as 72 and 56, i.e., microseme and platyrhine. The gnathic and palato-maxillary indices could not be obtained. 
2 Dr. Lucse has given in his Morphologie der Rassen-Schadel measurements of six Australian crania from the 
Clarence River district in the northern part of New South Wales, but his measurements cannot be combined with the above, 
as they were made by a different method. Dr. Schaafl'hausen has, however, remeasured these and the other crania in 
the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfurt (Archiv fiir Anthropologic, Bd. xiv., Sup. 20, 1883), in which there are now seven 
skulls from the Clarence River. The five males and one female all possessed a greater height than breadth, the respective 
measurements being H. 140, B. 126 ; 136, 131 ; 140, 128 ; 132, 128 ; 136, 122 ; 129, 124. One female, on the other 
hand, was not so high as broad, the measurements being H. 123, B. 128. 
