REPORT ON THE HUMAN CRANIA. 
39 
The mean palato-maxillary index was 109 ; that of twenty males 108*7, that of 
nine females 111, so that they were somewhat less dolichuranic than the males. In one 
male the palato-maxillary length was 1 mm. greater than the breadth, in one the length 
and breadth were equal, in four the breadth exceeded the length by not more than 3 mm., 
and in one only was the breadth greater than the length by more than 10 mm. In two 
females the breadth was only 3 mm. greater than the length, and in one only was the 
breadth as much as 9 mm. greater than the length. In the youths' crania the mean palato- 
maxillary index was 113*5. As a rule those crania that possess a low palato-maxillary 
index have at the same time a high gnathic index. Thus the male Coorong from Adelaide 
with p. m. index 98*5 has a gnathic of 104 ; the male from Eoebuck Bay with p. m. i. 100 
has a gnathic 108 ; the male from Benalla with p. m. i. 101*5 has a gnathic 106. In these 
cases a dolichuranic palate is associated with prognathism, and the prognathic condition 
is largely due to a forward projection of the alveolar border in the incisor region. In all 
these cases the palato-maxillary region was not only long relatively to its breadth, but 
its actual length was considerable, and in the Eoebuck Bay specimen it reached 68 mm. 
Some others, however, with long palato-maxillary regions and high gnathic indices, had 
not such low palato-maxillary indices, owing to the greater breadth of the region, and in 
these skulls the palate was large in both dimensions. I may especially name as examples 
the magnificent male skull from the Biverina, the palato-maxillary region of which was 
67 mm. long, the gnathic index was 103, and the palato-maxillary was 110 ; the skull 
from the de Grey River with a palato-maxillary length 64, a gnathic index 100, and a 
palato-maxillary index 108. In the Mudgee skull the gnathic index was also 100, but the 
palato-maxillary index was as high as 122, for the palate was only 58 mm. long, whilst its 
breadth was 71 mm. — the broadest palate in the series of Australian skulls, except the 
Riverina specimen. In such cases the degree of prognathism is probably due to some 
other cause than a mere projection of the alveolar border. 
The mean cubic capacity of thirty adult crania was 1230 c.c. ; that of twenty males 
was 1293*7 ; that of 10 females was 1103 ; the males ranged from 1514 c.c. to 1044 c.c; 
the females from 930 c.c. to 1220 c.c. ; the mean of each sex was therefore microcephalic, 
and only five male skulls exceeded 1350 c.c, the upper limit of the microcephalic series. 
The sexual characters were strongly marked in the Australian crania. The much 
smaller size and capacity of the female skull, its comparative lightness, the feebleness 
of its ridges and processes, more especially the glabella ; its low basi-bregmatic height and 
the high orbital index, all constituted important features of difference between the female 
and the male skulls. 
These Australian skulls were in their mean proportions dolichocephalic, tapeino- 
cephalic, phsenozygous, mesognathic, platyrhine, mesoseme, dolichuranic, and microcephalic. 
Since the publication by Blumenbach, in his third and fourth Decades, 1 of figures and 
1 Gottingen, 1795, 1800. 
t 
