REPORT ON THE HUMAN CRANIA. 
31 
In five specimens the frontal and parietal longitudinal arcs were either equal or within 
2 mm. of each other ; in eight the frontal was in excess, often much greater, than the 
parietal ; in seven the frontal was less, sometimes much less, than the parietal. In all the 
female skulls, with one exception, the frontal and parietal longitudinal arcs were greater 
than the occipital ; in the exceptional cranium, from New South Wales, whilst the frontal 
was longer, the parietal was less than the occipital. In three specimens these two arcs 
were within 2 mm. of each other ; in four the frontal arc exceeded the parietal ; in four 
the parietal exceeded the frontal. In all the youths' skulls the occipital arc was less than 
either the frontal or parietal ; in two the frontal was longer than the parietal ; in two the 
parietal was longer than the frontal. 
The male crania were, as a rule, massive and heavy, and with strong eminences and 
ridges at the glabella, supraciliary ridges, external orbital processes, temporal and occipital 
curved lines. The male skull from the Kiverina weighed, with its lower jaw, 2 lbs. 6f oz. 
avoir., and other skulls weighed 2 lbs. and 1 lb. 15^ oz. The adpressed character of the 
frontal bone above the ectorbitals, in such skulls as those from the Riverina, Eucla, 
Wannon River, a Queensland and a Murray River skull, was so striking, that in this 
character and in the projecting glabella they approximated to the well-known skull from 
the Neander Valley. The very prominent glabella in these specimens contributed 
materially to the great length, 200 mm., which some of them possessed. On the other hand, 
the mastoids were not so massive, nor had they such a downward projection as one finds 
in the male crania of some other races, so that it was the exception for a skull to rest 
behind on the tips of the mastoids. The projection of the glabella caused a marked 
depression at the fronto-nasal suture. In the female and young skulls the glabella 
had so little prominence that the glabello-occipital and ophryo-occipital diameters were 
either equal or differed but slightly from each other ; whereas, in the male skulls they 
sometimes differed by as much as 4, 5, or even 6 mm. The nasal bones sloped forwards 
and upwards, were frequently small in size, and the bridge of the nose was concave 
forwards, usually low, rounded from side to side, and not elevated into a crest. 
The dimensions of the nasal bones were not taken in all the specimens, but in those 
that were measured they varied from 18 to 26 mm. in length, and from 6 to 10 mm. in 
greatest breadth. A very marked slope of the frontal bone upwards and backwards 
from the glabella was present in many of the male crania. In the female skulls the 
frontal region was much less sloping, the fronto-orbital region was much smoother and 
the fronto-nasal less depressed. In a few specimens, e.g., the Wannon river and Eucla 
crania, the temporal fossa extended so far up the side of the skull that the highest part 
of the temporal ridge reached to between 3 and 4 cm. from the sagittal suture, and the 
temporal ridge itself was usually double. 
In none of the crania was the nasal spine of the superior maxilla prominent ; as a rule, 
indeed, it was feeble in both the male and female crania. The sides of the anterior nares, 
