26 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER 
unlike a Patagpnian. Mr. Darwin says 1 that the people of the Bay of Good Success 
" are a very different race from the stunted miserable wretches farther westward, and 
fchey seem closely allied to the famous Patagonians of the Straits of Magellan" (p. 205). 
And conversely amongst the Patagonians at Cape Gregory, he observed a man with his 
face painted in white rings and dots like a Fuegian (p. 232). Dr. R. 0. Cunningham also 
observed 2 that the people of the northern part of the large eastern island, the Yacana- 
kunny, differed strikingly from the western tribes in their much larger stature and in 
their manner of life, which approached in some particulars to that of the Patagonians. 
He further expressed the opinion that the southern Fuegian tribes had at a distant 
period migrated southwards " in consequence of having been evicted from their original 
territory by more powerful aboriginal nations." The Rev. Thos. Bridges, so well known 
for his philanthropic and missionary labours amongst the Fuegians, states that the Yahgan 
people at Ooshooia, where the mission station is, are short of stature, and with short and 
small arms and legs, the average height of the men being 5 ft. 3^ in., and the women 
2^ in. shorter. On the other hand, the Ona tribe at Sloggett Bay are very muscular and 
well grown people, and of the same stock as the southern Patagonians. 3 The language 
spoken by each of the tribes of the Yahgans, Onas, and Alaculoofs is also quite distinct, 
so that one tribe cannot understand another. 
I should also state that a collection of Patagonian crania, obtained by M. F. P. 
Moreno 4 along with numerous flint and other stone implements from ancient cemeteries 
of the Tehuelches in the valley of the Rio Negro — cemeteries, the exact age of which 
could not be ascertained, but which from the absence of the bones of the horse in them 
were probably formed before the introduction of that animal into Patagonia — displayed 
variations in the relations of length and breadth, though the majority were distinctly 
dolichocephalic. M. Moreno gives the measurements of forty-five crania, eighteen of 
which were artificially deformed and twenty -seven without deformity. Of the normal 
crania eleven were males and sixteen females. The mean cephalic index of the 
males he places at 75*0; that of the females at 74*15, whilst the mean of the entire 
series is 74*44. From the table of extreme lengths and breadths I have calculated 
the cephalic indices in the tweDty-seven normal crania, and find that no fewer than 
sixteen have a cephalic index below 75, and of these four are below 70, the lowest 
being 67 ; 5 seven range from 75 to 78*6, and four only are distinctly brachy- 
1 Naturalist's Voyage, ed. 1870. 
2 Natural History of Straits of Magellan, 1871. 
3 South American Missionary Magazine, Jan. 2 and Oct. 2, 1882. 
4 Description des Cimetieres et Paraderos prehistoriques de Patagonie, Eevue a" Anthropologic, t. iii. p. 72, 1874. 
Lieutenant Masters has given an interesting account of the customs and physical appearance of the Races of Patagonia, 
especially of the Tehuelches, in the Journ. of the Anth. Inst. vol. i. p. 193, 1872. 
5 One of these skulls has its norma verticalis figured by MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy in the Crania Ethnica, 
p. 475, fig. 432 — the norma facialis and norma lateralis in pi. lxxv. figs. 1 and 2. 
