24 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER 
minimum 84*2, the maximum 97 ; so that the megaseme character of the orbit is obviously 
the rule, although three specimens had mesoseme proportions. 
The gnathic index has been determined in six specimens by Prof. Flower and myself. 
Owing to the higher index in the College of Surgeons specimens (ranging from 100*9 
to 105*9) than in those collected by the Challenger, the mean of the entire series was 
99*76, which places them in the mesognathic division, though, as the range was from 95 
in a female skull to 105*9 in a male, individual skulls were either orthognathic, meso- 
gnathic, or prognathic. 
The internal capacity has been taken in seven specimens by Prof. Flower and myself. 
The mean contents of the brain case were 1309 cubic centimetres, which places them in 
the microcephalic series, and the range was from 1190 in the skull B, wdiieh I have regarded 
as probably a female, to the male skull figured by Prof. Huxley, the capacity of which 
was 1420 c.c. 
From the above analysis one may summarise the general characters of the Fuegian 
skulls as follows : — mesaticephalic, metriocephalic, mesognathic, leptorhine, megaseme, and 
microcephalic. This analysis of the whole series of skulls to the records of which I have 
had access agrees, except in the degree of projection of the upper jaw, with the results I 
had arrived at from the examination of the four specimens described in this Report. 
During the years 1881 and 1882, a party of Fuegians, consisting of four men, four 
women, and three young children visited Europe, and were examined by numerous 
anthropologists in Paris, Germany and Switzerland. 1 They appear to have belonged to the 
Alaculoof tribe, and according to the Rev. Thos. Bridges 2 were not from Hermite Island, 
in immediate proximity to Cape Horn, as is stated by M. Topinard and by Prof. Virchow, 
but from Dawson Island to the north-west of Admiralty Sound. Measurements of the 
body, of the head and face are given independently by M. Manouvrier and by Prof. 
Virchow. The mean length of the head in the four men is stated by M. Manouvrier 
to be 196*7; that of the four women 193*2; the mean breadth is given as 157*2 
in the men and 155 in the women ; the cephalic index of the males is 79*9, 
1 A most interesting account of these people, as observed during September 1881, was given by M. L. Manouvrier. 
M. Topinard, and other French anthropologists, to the Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris (Bulletins, Nov. 17, and 
Dec. 15, 1881, ser. 3, vol. iv. pp. 760, 841) ; also by Prof. Virchow to the Berliner Gesellschaft fuse Anthropologic, 
Nov. 14, 1881 (Zeitschrift fur Ethnologic, Bd. xiii. 1881, p. 375). Prof. Bischoff has also written a short brochure on their 
physical and psychical characters, entitled "Die Fe inlander in Europa," Bonn, 1882, and he has also communicated to 
Sitzungsb. d. K. B. Akad. der Wiss., Feb. 4, May 6, 1882, two papers on the female genital organs and functions. 
In Virchow's Archiv, Bd. xci. p. 154 and p. 446, 1883, Dr. J. Seitz of Zurich describes the illness and death of five 
members of the troop, and gives an account of the post mortem appearances ; he also contributes some observations on 
their habits and character. The Rev. Thos. Bridges states that only four returned to Fuegia, a youth, a middle-aged 
woman, and two children (see reference in next footnote). Dr. Seggel gave an account to the Anthropologische 
Gesellschaft of Munich of the eyes of the Fuegians (Archiv fiir Anthropologic, Bd. xiv. 349, 1883). In February 1884 Dr- 
Hyades, a member of the French Scientific Mission to Cape Horn, contributed to the Bull, de la Societe d'Anthropologie, 
some observations on the Tekeenika tribe, more especially on their language, and as a supplement to his paper be 
translates one on their maimers and customs by the Rev. T. Bridges. 
2 South American Missionary Magazine, Nov. 1, r>. 254, 1882. 
