22 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
they varied considerably in the relation of the length and breadth of the cranium. The two 
measured by MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy had a mean cephalic index 74*8, whilst those 
measured by Prof. Flower ranged from 73 '4 to 81*8. Similarly the four skulls described 
by me in this Report varied considerably, the lowest D being 73, whilst the others were 
either 77 "5 or 78. The skull which Prof. Huxley figured had a cephalic index 74, so 
that he draws the conclusion that the Fuegian skull is dolichocephalic, and with this con- 
clusion MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy concur. But if we take the whole series of eleven 
skulls, including those published in this Report, the cephalic indices of which have been 
recorded, we shall find that only six were below 75 (the lowest being 73), whilst the 
mean of the series was 76'5. Hence, if 75 be regarded as marking the highest term of 
dolichocephalism, the average index places them in the mesaticephalic group, though 
somewhat more than one-half were dolichocephalic. Notwithstanding the high mesati- 
cephalic index of three of the skulls which I have described, the parieto-occipital region 
in them had much more the shape to be seen in skulls of dolichocephalic than of 
brachycephalic proportions, and the parietal eminences were not set so far back on the 
side of the cranium as one sees in brachycephalic skulls. The specimen D which I have 
figured (PI. I. figs. 5, 6) closely corresponded in its contour with the skull figured by Prof. 
Huxley and with that delineated by MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy. 
To afford a convenient opportunity of making a comparison, I reproduce, from the 
Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, the four views of the Fuegian skull figured by 
Prof. Huxley. 1 
There can, I think, be no question that D is an authentic specimen of a Fuegian skull, 
not only from its resemblance to those above referred to, but because, from the attempt, 
unfortunately unsuccessful, to preserve the brain, the man must have died at Sandy 
Point, and was doubtless known to have been a Fuegian. My other specimens, although 
differing in their cephalic indices so much from the skull D, yet agree with it in many 
other of its characters, and are probably also the skulls of Fuegians who had died at 
Sandy Point, to which settlement some of the tribes of Tierra del Fuego are accustomed 
to resort for the purposes of barter. 
The two skulls, said to be males, measured by MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy, had a 
mean vertical index of 76*4, i.e., 1*6 higher than their mean cephalic index ; hence these 
authorities state that the Fuegian skull is hypsistenocephalic. In one of the eight skulls, 
the heights of which have been given by Prof. Flower and myself, the vertical index was 
greater than the cephalic (D. in my Table IL), and in the male skull figured by Mr. 
Huxley the vertical and cephalic indices were equal (73"9), but in the remaining six, 
three of which are presumably males, the vertical index was decidedly less than the 
cephalic ; the mean of the series of ten crania was 73'87 ; hence they are metriocephalic. 
1 I may state that these views of the Fuegian skull have also been reproduced by MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy 
in the Crania Ethnica, p. 477, figs. 434-437. 
