REPORT ON THE HUMAN CRANIA. 
21 
cephalic index, was just akro cephalic. The Stephanie diameter slightly exceeded the 
asterionic, but both were below either the interzygomatic or intermalar. The interzy- 
gomatic was slightly more than the greatest transverse diameter in the parieto-squamous 
region. The interorbital width was 24 mm. The frontal longitudinal arc was greater 
than the parietal, and both were considerably below the occipital. The basi-nasal and 
basi-alveolar length were equal, and the index was mesognathic. The skull was 
phsenozygous. It was depressed in the frontal region above the external orbital process. 
The palatal fossa was 17 mm. deep opposite the second molar. The nasals were 30 mm. 
long, and the bridge of the nose was prominent and concavo-convex. The pterion was 
normal, and there were no Wormian bones. The skull rested behind on the cerebellar 
region of the occiput. In its capacity of 1290 c.c. it was microcephalic. In its facial 
characters and proportions it differed from A in the following : — the gnathic, facial, nasal, 
orbital, and palato- maxillary indices were all greater, but the facial, nasal, and orbital 
indices did not exceed the corresponding indices of others of the skulls marked Fuegian. 
It showed no sign of artificial deformity. 
Very few Fuegian skulls have been examined by craniologists. The specimens 
contained in museums, and up to this time recorded, do not apparently exceed nine in 
number, and of these six are apparently males and three females. The authorities who 
have written on these crania are Professors Owen, 1 Huxley, 2 Flower, 3 and de Quatrefages 
with Hamy. 4 To this list are now to be added the four skulls described in this Report. 
Prof. Owen's description is limited to a single male skull, which, together with a con- 
siderable part of the skeleton, is in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of 
England (No. 5428, Old Cat.). The same skull is figured by Prof. Huxley, and a brief 
reference is also made by him to another cranium, probably that of a young woman, col- 
lected by Dr. R. 0. Cunningham at Philip Bay. Prof. Flower gives the principal measure- 
ments (No. 1025, New Cat.) of the skull already described by Owen and figured by Huxley, 
as well as of two other crania from Fuegia (Nos. 1026, 1027), and since the catalogue was 
published two additional specimens have been presented to the College of Surgeons, the 
one, a male, found in a shell heap near Ooshooia, the measurements of which are recorded 
in manuscript in the museum copy of the catalogue (No. 1025, a), 6 the other of a young 
girl about 15 (No. 1027, a). MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy have recorded the measure- 
ments of two crania, one of which, from Desolation Land, they have figured in pi. lxxv. 
figs. 3 and 4. 
The measurements and figures of such of the skulls as have been published show that 
1 Catalogue of Ost. Series in Mus. Roy. Col. Surgeons, vol. ii. p. 846, 1853. 
2 Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, vol. ii. p. 253, 1868. 
3 Cat. of Ost. Specimens, pt. 1, p. 179, 1879. 
4 Crania Ethnica, p. 478. 
5 Prof. Flower gives the cephalic index as 73*4, the vertical index as 71'9, the gnathic as 100"9, nasal 49 - l, and 
orbital index 95*1 . The skeleton was said to be that of a- remarkably tall man. 
