14 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
index was 81, and the range from 76 to 89 was 13 ; the orbits were microseme, with the 
exception of one which was mesoseme. The mean palato-maxillary index was 119, and 
the range from 112 to 128 was 16 ; the palato-alveolar region was therefore brachyuranic. 
The mean cubic capacity of the five adult male crania was 1319 c.c., the maximum 1435, 
the minimum 1135, the range being 300 cubic centimetres ; the internal capacity of the 
adult female was only 1092 c.c; in their average capacity the skulls were microcephalic, 
but three specimens were mesocephalic. 
The skulls were therefore in their average proportions mesaticephalic, tapeinocephalic, 
cryptozygous, orthognathic, platyrhine, mesoseme brachyuranic and microcephalic. 
Crania said to belong to the Bush race have been described, and in several instances 
figured, by Blumenbach, 1 Sandifort, 2 W. C. L. Martin, 3 Owen, 4 Williamson, 5 Van der 
Hoeven, 6 Vrolik, 7 Barnard Davis, 8 Fritsch, 9 Zuckerkandl, 10 Flower, 11 de Quatrefages with 
Hamy, 12 and Eolleston. 13 The precise localities in south Africa in which the Bush 
people lived, to whom the majority of these skulls belonged, have unfortunately not been 
stated ; but the districts from which others, as well as some of those now described by 
myself, were obtained, are recorded. They have been procured from a wide geographical 
area, extending from Clanwilliam ' and Calvinia on the west, to the sources of the 
Umzimkulu and St. John's rivers on the east, and ranging northwards and eastwards 
through the Transvaal to the country between the Tati and Ramaquehan rivers in 
Matabele Land. The last-named locality, in lat. 20° 54' long. 27° 42', is the most 
northerly spot from which Bush skulls have as yet been obtained. These specimens were 
collected by the late Mr. Frank Oates, 14 and were described by the late Dr. Rolleston. 
But the range of these people is even greater than is implied in the above statement, 
as they probably form scattered hordes in the middle of the continent extending north- 
wards to the 19th or 20th degree of latitude, and also reach the west coast in the district 
1 Decas quinta collectionis suae Craniorum, p. 12, pi. xlv. 
2 Tabulae Craniorum. 
3 Natural History of Man and Monkeys, p. 298, 1841. 
4 Catalogue of Osteological Series in Museum of Royal College of Surgeons, vol. ii. p. 832, 1853. Anatomy of 
Vertebrates, vol. ii. p. 564, 1866. 
5 Observations on Human Crania in Army Medical Museum, Chatham, Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, 
May and August, 1857, and as a separate reprint. 
G Catalogus Craniorum diversarum gentium, Leyden, p. 58, 1860. 
7 Musee Vrolik, p. 55. 
8 Thesaurus Craniorum, p. 216, 1867. 
9 Die Eingeborenen Sud-Afrika's, p. 410, 1872. Also, Die afrikanischen Ruschmanner als Urrasse, in Zeitschr. 
fiir Ethnologie, Bd. xii. p. 289, 1880. 
10 Reise der Novara, Anthropologischer Theil, pp. 55, 64, 1875. 
11 Catalogue of Osteological Specimens, pt. i., p. 246, 1879. 
12 Crania Ethnica, p. 389, 1882. 
13 Appendix to Matabele Land, by Mr. Frank Oates, p. 273, 1881, and reprinted in Rolleston's collected Scientific 
Papers and Addresses, edited by Prof. Turner, p. 462, Oxford, 1884. 
11 Matabele Land and the Victoria Falls, p. 231, London, 1881. 
