REPORT ON THE HUMAN CRANIA. 
11 
are based on the investigation of seven skulls. The six adult crania were with one 
exception probably all males. 
Norma verticalis. — Crania elongated antero-posteriorly. Parietal eminences usually 
well marked, and placed near the back of the side of the skull. Frontal eminences 
distinct. Skull somewhat flattened on summit. No median ridge in sagittal region. 
Cryptozygous except in two specimens, in which the zygomatic arches were just visible. 
The Stephanie diameter was in three specimens less than, in two equal to, ami in two 
greater than, the asterionic. 
Norma lateralis. — All the skulls rested behind on the cerebellar part of the occipital 
bone. In only one was there much projection of either the glabella or supraciliary 
ridges. In all the frontal bone ascended almost vertically from the glabella, and the 
frontal region of that bone passed somewhat abruptly into the coronal region. In three 
specimens a median ridge marked the position of the obliterated frontal suture. The 
tendency to flattening of the vault gave a low curve to the vertex. There was no marked 
flattening in the region of the obelion and upper occipital squama, such as would have 
been produced by artificial pressure. The squama projected behind the occipital protuber- 
ance. The frontal longitudinal arc was in each skull markedly greater than the occipital ; 
in four specimens it was greater than the parietal ; whilst the parietal was in five skulls 
greater than the occipital. 
The nasal bones were not strongly developed ; they never exceeded 25 mm. in length, 
and 7 mm. in breadth ; not unfrequently they were partially fused together. The bridge 
of the nose was so flattened that the nasals formed almost a plane surface between the 
nasal processes of the superior maxillaries, and there was, with one exception, scarcely 
any depression at the naso-frontal suture. The nasal spine of the superior maxilla} was 
feeble. The junction of the side walls with the floor of the anterior nares was rounded. 
In five of the crania there was a marked depression in the frontal, immediately above 
the external angular process, which gave great prominence to that process. In five crania 
the infra-orbital and canine fossse were deep, in two shallow. The infra-orbital part of 
the malar bones projected forwards and approximated to the plane of the lower border of 
the nasals, so that the face in the fronto-naso-orbital region was flattened. The interzy- 
gomatic breadth invariably exceeded the intermalar, Stephanie or asterionic, but was 
considerably less than the interparietal breadth. The intermalar was in three cases 
greater than the Stephanie, once equal to and twice somewhat less than it. The face 
with Mr. Proudfoot, and died of phthisis. Two were presented by one of my pupils, Mr. W. J. van der Merwe. They 
were from his father's estate of Drift, Calvinia district. One was a male somewhat advanced in years, the other a child 
about nine. The adult skull which I believe to be female was lent to me in November 1883, by Adam Sedgwick, Esq., 
of Trinity College, Cambridge, to whom it was given by Dr. Theophilus Hahn, the Colonial Philologist. It 
came from Uitenhag in the eastern district. Although I did not receive this skull until after the bulk of the 
Report was in type, I have been able to include it in the table of measurements, and to incorporate its characters 
in the text. 
