84 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
brack} T cephalic and mesaticephalic people either in New Guinea or the adjacent islands. 
MM. Quoy and Gaimard visited, during the voyage of the " Uranie," the islands of 
Rawak and Waigiou, situated off the extreme north-west of New Guinea, and gave an 
account of the people. 1 From their description the crania are short, broad, and high, 
and they state that their heads are flattened both anteriorly and posteriorly, and in the 
plate accompanying their description, where two skulls of natives of Rawak are figured, 
both crania are seen to have well-marked parieto-occipital flattening, and although no 
measurements are given, they are obviously brachycephalic. MM. de Quatrefages and 
Hamy have described, in more detail, 2 the crania collected in Rawak and in the adjacent 
islet of Boni. In one skull the cephalic index was 88, and the average of five skulls 
was 86, so that their brachycephalic character is unquestionable, whilst the parieto- 
occipital flattening is strongly marked. The crania observed at Waigiou by the naturalists 
of the " Coquille " are described as remarkable for a considerable posterior flattening, 
and, from measurements given by M. Garnot, the cephalic index is 81 "8. 
In 1856 Prof. Retzius stated 3 that the museum of the Caroline Institute of 
Stockholm had received from Dr. Wise of Edinburgh three crania of brachycephalic 
Papuans, which had a striking resemblance to each other and to the crania described by 
MM. Quoy and Gaimard. MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy have pointed out 4 that the 
crania collected by Wise were of the tribe of Karons, a people occupying a chain of 
mountains, originally known as Arfak, in the north-west part of New Guinea, parallel 
to the north coast and adjacent to Port Dorey. A description of these crania has been 
given by MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy, one of whom visited Stockholm for the purpose 
of studying them. Two of these three crania were not flattened in the parieto-occipital 
region, one of which had a cephalic index of 78*8, the other of 78'3. Their volume was 
not large, the mean horizontal circumference 492 mm., the capacity 1370 c.c. The antero- 
posterior maximum of the one 175 mm., and of the other 171 mm. The third specimen 
had, however, a distinct parieto-occipital flattening, and was obviously brachycephalic. 
Its antero-posterior maximum was the same as the glabello-iniac, 174 mm., the transverse 
maximum was 146, and the cephalic index was consequently 83*9. Another cranium, 
from Amberbaki, adjacent to the country of the Karons, collected by M. Beccari. has been 
described by MM. Incoronato and Tocco. 5 This skull, apparently that of a woman, had 
a capacity 1243 c.c, and a horizontal circumference 481 mm. Its antero-posterior max. 
was only 167 mm., its transverse max. 136 mm., and its cephalic index 81*4. 
1 Annales des Sciences Naturelles, t. vii. p. 27, pi. in., 1826. Figures of one of these skulls are reproduced by von 
Baer in Crania selecta, pi. iii. figs. 4, 5. 
2 Crania Ethnica, p. 210. 
3 Forhand. ved de Skandin. Naturforsk, Christiania, July 1856 ; and Ethnologische Schriften, Leipzig, 1864, p. 145. 
4 Crania Ethnica, p. 201. 
6 Archivio per I'Antropologia, lib. iv., 1874, and Boll, della Soc. Geograf. Italiana, 1874, quoted by de Quatrefages 
and Hamy, p. 204 
