94 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
resemble the Fijians in colour and figure, though the dialects are widely different. 0 wing- 
to the colonisation of this island by the French, numerous crania are deposited in 
museums in that country ; the Barnard Davis collection contains a few specimens ; two 
specimens were collected by the "Novara" 1 and six specimens are in the Senckenberg 
Museum in Frankfort. 2 M. Bourgarel has also made a communication on the skulls of 
these people. 3 Dr. Bertillon has described the crania in the Museum at Caen, 4 and the 
fine collection in the Museum of Natural History in Paris has been carefully studied by 
MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy. 5 
The last-named authorities separate the skulls into two groups, those which belong 
to the Kanala and other tribes living in the north-east of the island, and those from 
tribes elsewhere, more particularly in the west. The Kanala crania show certain 
differences in proportion as compared with the tribes in the west. Thus twenty-five 
males have a mean cephalic index 71 '3 and a mean vertical index 75*1, and twenty-six 
females have a mean cephalic index 74'4 and a mean vertical index 75*5 ; whilst the 
more western tribes have in forty-three males a mean cejDhalic index 69 "6, and a mean 
vertical index 74"4, and twenty-eight females have a mean cephalic index 72"4 and a 
mean vertical index 74*7. All are dolichocephalic, but this character is more pronounced 
in the tribes of the west than of the east. In all, the vertical index dominates over the 
cephalic, and the greater relative height of the skull is more strongly marked in the 
western than in the north-eastern tribes. These and other differences in the cranial 
characters of the people in New Caledonia, MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy ascribe to the 
intermixture of Polynesian immigrants during the last century. Three crania in the 
Barnard Davis collection from the northern extremity of this island 6 have the following 
indices respectively — cephalic 72, 72, 78 ; vertical 74, 85, 80. 
The people of the Isle of Pines, a dependency of New Caledonia, are also in the main 
dolichocephalic. MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy, in their twenty-eighth table, state that 
seven males have a mean cephalic index 67, and a mean vertical 72'2 ; six females have 
a mean cephalic 68 "5, and a mean vertical index 73 '4. The skull in the Barnard Davis 
collection, and six specimens in the Museum of the Eoyal College of Surgeons, are all 
dolichocephalic, except one specimen, the cephalic index of which is given by Prof. 
Flower as 76 ; but in all the height exceeds the breadth. De Quatrefages and Hamy 
mention that some crania recently received from this island resemble more those of 
1 See ZuckerkancU's Report in Reise der Novara, Anthropologischer Theil. The one which he has measured has 
a cephalic index 73"4. 
2 See Schaaffhausen's measurements in Supplement to Archivf. Anthrop., Bd. xiv. The mean cephalic index of the 
six specimens is 70"4 ; the mean vertical index 76 - 2. 
3 Bull, and M€m. Soc. Anthrop. Paris, t. i. of each. 
4 Revue d" Anthropologic, t. i. p. 250, 1872. 
5 Crania Ethnica, p. 284. 
6 Thesaurus, p. 308, Nos. 682-84. 
