98 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
V.L 86-9; two from Banks's Islands, C.I. 73'3, V.I. 73-3; C.I. 80, VI. 78-8. In the 
.same museum are two from Api, and in the Barnard Davis collection is one from the 
.same island, the indices of which are C.I. 73*8, V.I. 73*3 ; C.I. 77*5, VI. 81*1 ; C.I. 66, 
V.L 76. Ten crania from Fate" are in the Barnard Davis, College of Surgeons, and 
Paris Museums. MM. de Quatrefages and Hamy give the mean C.I. of five males as 
68-4, the VI. 73*6 ; the C.I. of one female 20*2, the VI. 777. The Barnard Davis 
specimens are respectively C.I. 65, 69, 80 ; V.L 75, 77, 77. Three skulls from Vanikoro 
have been carefully described, and one of them figured by Mr. G. Busk. 1 The cephalic 
indices are respectively 70*4, 71, 71, and the vertical indices 80, 84*4, 82'6. The 
height of these skulls is, as Mr. Busk points out, very remarkable. The gnathic index 
is not as a rule very pronounced. Mr. Busk also recognises the general preponderance 
in length of the parietal longitudinal arc over the frontal. 
From the observations of MM. Quoy and Gaimard on the "Astrolabe" 2 and of those 
of M. P. A. Lesson, the people of Vanikoro are Papuans, though Lesson states 3 that they 
are more or less mixed with a yellow Polynesian race. A single skull from the island of 
Espiritu Santo is in the Godeffroy Museum. Krause gives the length 184 mm., breadth 
138, height 139 ; the cephalic index is 75, the vertical index 75*5. 
Much light has of late 3 T ears been thrown on the skulls of the people of Mallicollo, 
one of the northern New Hebrides. The collection of eight crania in the Museum of the 
Royal College of Surgeons described by Mr. Busk, 4 the series of monumental heads and 
deformed skulls in the same museum described by Prof. Flower, 5 and the sixteen crania 
in the Godeffroy Museum of which Dr. Krause has given an account, 6 have supplied 
interesting material for study. The people of this island are distinctly Papuan in their 
external characters, but amongst them the practice of artificially deforming the head by 
pressure applied to the frontal region during infancy extensively prevails. This practice 
of course affects the measurements, but when allowance is made for the change in form 
produced by pressure, the skulls are without doubt dolichocephalic. In Mr. Busk's series the 
breadth index varied from 68 to 74, and four of the skulls were below 70. The height 
index in each skull was with one exception above the breadth index. The mean length 
of the skulls in the Godeffroy Museum was 181'8 mm., the maximum 195, the minimum 
164 ; the mean breadth was 127 mm., maximum 135, minimum 122 ; the mean height 
was 138 mm., maximum 147, minimum 125. The mean indices were as follows — 
C.I. 69*8, V.L 76. In the Anatomical Museum of the University of Edinburgh is a skull 
marked " Mallicollese," which was purchased many years ago from a sailor by the late Prof. 
Goodsir. It showed no flattening in the frontal region, but had been markedly flattened 
and rendered unsymmetrical behind by pressure in the parieto-occipital region. The 
1 Journ. Anthrop. Inst, vol. vi. p. 200, 1877. 
3 Revue d' Anthropologic, t. v. p. 257, 1876. 
6 Journ. Anthrop. Inst, vol. xi., 1881. 
2 Voyage de 1' Astrolabe, Hist. vol. v. 
4 Journ. Anthrop. Inst., vol. vi. p. 200, 1877 
6 Op. cit, p. 616. 
