REPORT ON THE HUMAN CRANIA. 
117 
extended from the infra-orbital foramen into the infra-orbital canal and floor of the orbit. 1 
Although the presence of an infra-orbital suture, as will have been gathered from the 
descriptions in this Eeport, is a by no means uncommon occurrence in the human skull, 
yet very little attention has been given to it by anatomists. Prof. Wenzel Gruber has 
indeed, in a memoir on the infra-orbital canal, 2 figured in one skull a suture extending from 
the infra-orbital foramen through the lower border of the orbit into an anomalous infra- 
orbital canal, and a similar suture has been figured but not described by Virchow. 3 
The peculiarity of the special fronto-maxillary articulation in the inner wall of the orbit 
in a Bush skull, and of a division of the parietal bone in an Admiralty Islander, have 
already been described in the Eeport (pp. 12, 57). Paramastoid processes occurred in a 
Bush, a Fuegian, two Sandwich Islanders, and a Chatham Islander. A mesial third occipital 
condyle was present in an Admiralty Islander, a Sandwich Islander, a Chatham Islander, 
and a New Zealander. Dr. H. Allen states that in the Morton collection of crania ten 
specimens possessed a third occipital condyle, and Dr. Barnard Davis also mentions several 
specimens in his collection as possessing it. The spheno-pterygoid foramen was seen in 
the skulls of two Sandwich and a Chatham Islander. In some other specimens although 
the external pterygoid and sphenoidal spine were not quite continuous, yet they so 
closely approached that in the living head they had probably been connected by a fibrous 
band, the pterygo-spinous ligament of Civinini. 
Exostoses from the wall of the external auditory meatus were found in four Sand- 
wich Islanders, a Chatham Islander, and a New Zealander. From observations which I 
have elsewhere recorded on this subject, 4 I was at that time led to state that there 
was a tendency to the development amongst the aborigines of America of modifications 
in the configuration of the external auditory passage. If, along with the crania described 
in this Eeport, we were to include the Marquesas Islanders described by Prof. Welcker 5 
and Dr. Barnard Davis, 6 and the Sandwich and Loyalty Islanders in the collection formed 
by the latter craniologist, we should also be justified in saying that exostoses in this 
locality are not uncommon amongst the South Sea Islanders. The skull from the Admiralty 
Islands, with the remarkable deficiency of the nasal bones, exhibited a rare though not 
a unique malformation, as Van der Hoeven has referred 7 to a similar condition in a Bush 
skull, and the skulls of two African negroes in the Barnard Davis collection 8 have no 
nasal bones. The general absence of decay in the teeth, notwithstanding the frequent 
1 I have omitted, I find, in the description of the Bush crania, to refer to this character, but this suture was present 
in one skull of that race. 
2 Mem. Acad. Sci. St. Petersb., 1874. 
3 Niedere Menschenrassen, Abhandl. d. Berlin Ahad., pi. vi. fig. 1, 1875. 
4 On Exostoses within the external Auditory Meatus, Journ. of Anat. and Phys., vol. xiii. p. 200. 
6 Archiv. fur Ohrenheilkunde, vol. i. 
6 Thesaurus Craniorum, and Supplement. 
7 Catalogus Craniorum, No. 165, p. 58, 1860. 
8 Thesaurus Craniorum, pp. 206 208, Nos. 1461, 1066. 
