130 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
have in previous pages given many examples to show how a mesaticephalic people may arise 
from a mixture of a dolichocephalic with a brachycephalic race. But there are instances 
of apparently unmixed races in which the standard form of the head is mesaticephalic. 
I may especially refer to the Bush race of South Africa, which has so many features 
distinguishing it from the surrounding people that it would seem to be a pure race, and 
it is not improbably the remains of the primitive people of the African continent. The 
Tasmanians were mesaticephalic, and it is possible also an unmixed race, though on this 
point I hesitate to give a definite opinion. I am not disposed, therefore, to limit the 
unmixed races to those which are either dolichocephalic or brachycephalic in their cranial 
proportions, but to include also certain of the mesaticephali. 
From the examination of the Races of Men described in this Report, we have seen that 
in South Africa, in the southern part of South America, and in Australia, races of men 
exist distinguished by the small capacity of their crania, by their low intellectual develop- 
ment, and in the case of the Bushmen and Fuegians by their small stature and generally 
feeble physical configuration. The Australians also and the now extinct Tasmanians were 
under the average size of Europeans. In the islands to the south and east of the great 
Asiatic continent the Andaman ese and other Negrito tribes are distinguished by their 
small stature, microcephalic crania, and low state of intelligence. It is not unlikely that 
these people may in the early unwritten periods of human history have had in their 
respective continents a much wider range of distribution than at present, and have been 
gradually pushed southwards into their present restricted areas by the advance of the 
races, more powerful in both intellectual and physical development, which we see around 
them. If in their displacement they failed to mix with their invaders their physical 
characters would remain pure. For isolation and interbreeding carried on through many 
centuries would necessarily preserve and even intensify the characteristic structural 
peculiarities of each race. 
