REPORT ON THE BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON. 
49 
the index 92. The mean of the twenty-nine males measured by Verneau, Spengel, 
B. Davis, and myself gave a sacral index 106, i.e., they were platyhieric. The mean of the 
ten females measured by Verneau, Fritsch, and myself was only 98'8 ; so far, therefore, as 
these specimens show, in the Negro race the sacrum presents the exceptional arrangement 
of being in the female not so broad in proportion to its length as in the male. 
In the only adult male Andaman Islander, as well as in the three adult females in my 
Table IV., the breadth of the sacrum exceeded the length ; the sacral index of the adult 
male was 114, that of a young male was 106 ; the mean index of the three adult females 
was 111 and the index of a young female was 96*5. In the series of eight male Andaman 
Islanders measured by Professor Flower the mean sacral length was 97'1 mm. and 
the mean width was 91*3 mm., the index being 94, and in the series of nine females the 
mean length of this bone was 897 mm. and the mean breadth was 95*2 mm., the 
index being 106. In the single male specimen described by Barnard Davis the sacral 
breadth was so much less than the length that the index was only 77. It is clear, there- 
fore, that the high sacral index in my male pelvis was an individual peculiarity, and that 
it is the rule in the male Andaman Islander for the length to exceed the breadth, so that 
the bone in them is dolichohieric, but in the women it is platyhieric. 
In the Negrito skeleton from Luzon in the Dresden Museum the sacral length was 
98 mm. and the breadth 107 mm., the index being 109 ; and in the Igorrote pelvis also 
from Luzon in the same collection, the length was 100 mm. and the breadth 112 mm., 
with an index of 112. In M. Hamy's Aeta Negrito the sacrum was 76 mm. long, and 
93 mm. wide, but it is noted that the diminished length was due to an anomalous form 
of the 5th vertebra, which was sensibly less than in a normal sacrum ; the sacral index 
was 122. These skeletons were from women and the index w^as platyhieric. 
In Fritsch's Nikobar Islander the sacral length was 101 mm. and the breadth 90 mm., 
the index therefore was 89, or dolichohieric. 
The three male Tasmanians measured by Barnard Davis had a sacral index 
respectively of 92, 86, and 114, giving a mean of 97, so that the sacrum was dolichohieric ; 
but in the single female the index was 104. 
Winckel has measured seven sacra in the collection of Papuan bones in the Dresden 
Museum obtained by A. B. Meyer from Eubi, New Guinea, three of which were regarded 
as males and four females ; one of the males had six vertebrae in the sacrum, so that I have 
disregarded its measurements, the other two were in length 99 and 112 mm., and in 
breadth 100 and 101 mm., the sacral index of these specimens being respectively 101 '5 
and 89. The females varied in length from 97 to 105 mm.,^ and in breadth from 92 to 
103 mm., the indices being respectively 87"6, 93, 94*8 and 100. In a male New Guinea 
pelvis recorded by M. Verneau the sacral index was 111*6. The mean sacral index of 
1 Winckel says (p. 87), 97 to 112, but from the tables (pp. 89, 90) 105 is the highest measurement recorded of the 
length of the sacrum. 
(zooL. CHALL. Exr. — PART XLVii. — 1886.) Aaa 7 
