REPORT ON THE BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON. 
79 
CLAVICLE. 
In the series of skeletons the clavicle presented various modifications in length, 
thickness, degree of curvature, and prominence of the ridges and processes for attach- 
ment of muscles and ligaments. These modifications were apparently in great measure 
to be associated with sex, and with the degree of muscular development. It was 
especially observed, in the majority of the bones, that the groove on the under surface 
for the subclavius muscle was either absent or very faintly marked. 
Measurements of the Clavicle. 
I took the length of the clavicles in each skeleton, with the view of ascertaining their 
absolute length, if differences existed between the bones on opposite sides of the same 
skeleton, and the proportionate length of the clavicle to the humerus. 
The length of the clavicle was measured in a straight line between the sternal and 
acromial ends of the bone ; 150 mm. may be taken as expressing the mean length of the 
clavicle in the men of the British Islands, and 140 mm. the mean length in the 
women. 
The maximum clavicle in my series of male Australians was 160 mm. in the 
Eiverina skeleton, the minimum 121 mm. in the Perth skeleton, and the mean 
142*2 mm. The contrast in shape between the elongated, curved clavicle of the man 
from the Riverina and the short thick clavicle of the Perth Australian was very marked. 
In the female Australian the length was 118 mm. The Bush clavicles, notwithstanding 
the diminutive stature, were each 147 mm. long, and were slender curved bones. Six 
Oahuan clavicles varied from 117 mm. to 153 mm., and the mean was 139 mm. The 
clavicle in the Andaman Islanders ranged from 112 to 126 mm., and the mean was 
119'3 mm. ; the bones were not strongly curved and were slight. In two Negresses the 
maximum clavicle was 150 mm. and the minimum 134, whilst the mean was 141*7 mm. ; 
in three Negros the longest was 160 mm., and the shortest 140, the mean being 
149*4 mm. In the Otago skeleton the clavicle was 134 mm. In the three Hindoos the 
clavicle ranged from 118 mm. in the women to 165 mm. in the tall male. In the Sikh 
the longer clavicle was 164 mm., in the Malay 158 mm., and in the Chinese 132 mm. In 
the female Lapp the longer bone was 122 mm., and in the male 148 mm. In the 
female Esquimaux the longer clavicle was 147 mm., and in the male 142 mm. 
In eight skeletons the right clavicle was longer than the left, in the Malay skeleton 
by as much as 6 mm. In fifteen skeletons the left clavicle was longer than the right ; 
in an Andaman Islander and the female Esquimaux by 6 mm., and in the Riverina 
Australian by 7 mm. In Dr. Anderson's tall Hindoo the left clavicle was 18 mm. longer 
