110 
THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
calculated an index of 65"2, and in Ms female 68*5 ; whilst the corresponding mean index 
computed from Humphry's measurements of three Bush skeletons was 68 "4. The mean of 
these six skeletons was 67*3. In Fritsch's Hottentot woman this index was 68 '8, and in 
his four male Kaffirs it ranged from 68 '6 to 70*3 with a mean of 69 "4. 
The mean index of my three Negro skeletons was 68 '9, and of the two Negresses 
68 "6. From Professor Humphry's measurements of twenty-five Negro skeletons, I have 
calculated a mean intermembral index of 68*4, and M. Broca has given 68 "27 as the mean 
index of the sixteen African Negros, ten men and six women, which he measured. A 
remarkable uniformity runs through the whole of the measurements of the shafts of the 
limbs in the Negro skeletons, and the intermembral index in this race obviously lies 
between 68 and 69. The mean index of my three Andaman Islanders was 69*5, which is 
higher than was obtained by Professor Flower from the measurements of twenty-five 
skeletons, in which the index was 68*3 ; that of the males being 69, and of the females 
67'5. If my specimens are added to his then the mean of the entire series becomes 68'9. 
The mean intermembral index of my three Hindoos was 68 "1, and the highest of the 
series was only 68*9. In the skeleton of the male Sikh this index was also 6 8 "9, but 
from the measurements given by Dr. Barnard Da^ds, it would seem that in his Sikh 
skeleton this index was only 65*8. In my Chinese the intermembral index was 70"3. 
From Spengel's measurements of his male Chinese I have computed an index of 67 '7, the 
mean of the two skeletons being 69. In my Malay skeleton the intermembral index was 
67'7 ; in one of Barnard Davis's Javanese this index was 70'4, in the other 67'4, and the 
mean of the three skeletons was 6 8 "5. In Garson's Kubu skeleton the intermembral 
index was 70. 
In both the Esquimaux and the Lapps the intermembral index was remarkably high. 
The mean of the two Esquimaux was 73*4, and of the two Lapps 72*8. 
It would appear, therefore, that there is a certain amount of disparity in the 
proportion of the shaft of the upper limb to that of the lower limb in the difi"erent races 
of men. If we accept 69*5 as expressing the mean index in Europeans, then it is clear 
that the black races do not reach that mean, and that the shaft of the upper limb in them 
is proportionally shorter than the shaft of the lower limb. A similar proportion, if one 
may judge from the few^ specimens which have yet been measured, prevails amongst the 
Mongolians, Malays and natives of India. On the other hand in the Esquimaux and Lapps, 
and in the Yahgan Fuegians as measured by Garson, the mean index is distinctly higher 
than in Europeans, and expresses that the upper limb is relatively longer than the lower. 
As the maximum lengths of both the femur and humerus are recorded in Table XIV., 
one can calculate, according to the method of M. Broca, the relative lengths of 
these two bones, and obtain a femoro-humeral index by the following formula 
humeral length X 100 ,i r i • i i 
— 7i ^ = , the lemur being regarded as = 100. 
lemoral length 
