124 THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. CHALLENGER. 
hills near the beach, in a district once full of inhabitants, now depopulated. As to its origin some persons say 
that a great battle was fought there in the prehistoric ages of Hawaiian history, others that it was one of the 
places used for burying those who died of one or other of the epidemic diseases which killed off thousands of 
the Hawaiians in very recent times. But I particularly took note that none of the skulls which I examined 
(about a dozen), bore marks suggesting death by violence, nor were any weapons discoverable ; so that I should 
be inclined to credit the second theory of origin, unless it could be ascertained whether the coast tribes were in 
the habit of choosing sandy places for the sake of convenience, just as we know that those of more stony 
places chose caves. Further, the bodies appear to have been buried naked, no traces of matting or cloth of 
any kind being found with the skeletons. The custom of knocking out the front teeth, or in any way injuring 
the teeth, did not exist among the natives of these islands, for most of the teeth in the jaws are sound. 
These crania had been buried in a similar locality to that at Waimanolo, Oahu, from 
which Professor Moseley obtained the skulls described in the first part of this Report. 
Like them they were for the most part bleached perfectly white from exposure. One 
skull (lA) was brachy cephalic, with a length-breadth index 81 (Table XVI.); one (iD) 
was in the lower term of the mesaticepbalic group with an index 75 "1, and the remaining 
three were dolichocephalic, with a mean cephalic index 71 '9. They presented, therefore, 
that variety in the proportions of length and breadth of the cranium, which in the first 
part of this Report I had dwelt on at considerable length as present in the crania from 
Oahu, although the range of variation was not so great in this limited as in that much 
more extensive series. 
The brachycephalic cranium, that of a woman, showed its character not only in its 
numerical proportions, but in the downward slope of the parietal bone from the obelion 
to the inion. In it the basi-bregmatic height was slightly below the parieto-squamous 
breadth, the vertical index was 80, and the skull was akrocephalic, as in the brachycephalic 
Sandwich Islanders, both from Hawaii and Oahu, described in the first part of the 
Report. In its other relations the skull was orthognathic, leptorhine, megaseme, brachy- 
uranic and mosocephalic. It did not in all of these quite correspond with the mean of 
the brachycephalic Oahuans previously described, which were mesognathic, mesorhine, 
megaseme, brachyuranic, and mesocephalic. 
The skull ID, although in the numerical proportion of length and breadth it just fell 
into the mesaticepbalic group, obviously in its general characters closely corresponded with 
the three dolichocephalic crania, and may be considered along with them. Like the 
dolichocephalic Oahuans described in the first part of this Report, they were all somewhat 
ridge-shaped on the top of the cranium, and in their general appearance were strong, 
powerful skulls. In two specimens the sutures of the cranial vault were in process of 
senile obUteration. In each of the three dolichocephalic skulls the basi-bregmatic height 
exceeded the greatest breadth, and in the mesaticepbalic skull the breadth was only 1 
mm. more than the height ; one was tapeinocephalic, two were metriocephalic, and the 
third was akrocephalic. All four skulls were mesognathous. Two of the specimens were 
leptorhine and two mesorhine. As to the orbital index, one was microseme, two meso- 
