REPORT ON THE BONES OF THE HUMAN SKELETON. 
127 
males was 68*3, and of nineteen adult females 70 '1. The mean vertical index of the 
same skulls was 71 "1 for the men, and 72*3 for the women, so that they support the 
rule that the vertical index is higher than the cephalic in the Papuan skull. The 
gnathic index, 109 in my specimen, expressed a marked degree of prognathism , which is 
obviously a common character of these islanders, as Mr. Thomas obtained a mean of 
107'1 from thirty-seven skulls, viz., 106*5 for the men, and 107*7 for the women. In 
my specimen, owing to the palato-maxillary length being greater than the palato- 
maxillary breadth, the corresponding index was remarkably low, only 95 ; the mean 
palato-maxillary index in Mr. Thomas's specimens was 105*4 for both sexes, which, 
although higher than in my specimen, yet places them along with it in the dolichuranic 
group. In my specimen the parietal longitudinal arc exceeded the frontal by 10 mm., 
but in Mr. Thomas's series, the parietal arc was longer than the frontal in only about 
one-half the total number of skulls, so that it is not a constant character in the skulls 
of these islanders. His general conclusion regarding the crania which he had examined 
from Jervis island is that they have long, narrow, and rather low brain-cases, low 
orbits, heavy frowning brow ridges, short and little prominent nasal bones, small nasal 
spines, long palates, large teeth, and considerable prognathism, characters which in the 
main closely correspond with those possessed by the skull which I had described from the 
same island. 
FUEGIANS. 
Since my description of the cranial characters of the Fuegians was published (Part I. 
p. 17), Dr. Garson has given' an account of the crania of seven male and two female 
Fuegians, of which six males and two females belonged to the Yahgan tribe. His 
observations are in close correspondence with those which I had previously described 
in the Report on the Human Crania collected by the Challenger. In my summary 
of the cranial characters of the Fuegians I stated that they were on the average 
mesaticephalic, metriocephalic, mesognathic, leptorhine, megaseme, and mesuranic ; but I 
also pointed out that individual skulls had dolichocephalic proportions. The mean features 
of the crania described by Dr. Garson are in accordance with what I had stated to be the 
general characters of the Fuegian skull, and he employs for their description the termin- 
ology which I had also used, except that he gives the term mesostaphyline instead 
of mesuranic, to express the palato-maxillary proportions. In one respect there is, 
however, a difference of statement between us, for whilst I found the mean cubic 
capacity of four crania to be 1333*5 c.c, so that I placed the skulls in the microcephalic 
group ; Garson says that his skulls were mesocephalic. On referring, however, to his 
more detailed statements of the internal capacity (j). 151) "calculated by means of a 
1 Journ. Anthropol. Inst., vol. xv. p. 141. 
