ESACUS. ~ ESTRILDA. 
119 
ESACUS (Oedicnemidae) Lesson, Traité Ornith. 1831. 547. — Gray, Genera 
Birds 1844. III. 535. = Oedicnemus Tem. 
Synon.: Aesacus Agass. — Carvanaca, Pseudops Hodgs. — Carvanica Bonap. — Car- 
vanacus Reichb. 
Bill much longer than the head, strong, the culmen more or less straight, 
with the base cultrated and the tip gradually or suddenly hooked; the base broad 
and the sides gradually compressed to the tip; the lateral margins more or less 
curving upwards to the tip and angulated at the base; the lower mandible strong, 
with the gonys half its length, angulated and advancing upwards to the tip; the 
nostrils placed in a membranous groove, rather less than half the length of the 
bill, with the culmen aperture longitudinal, anterior and near the margin. 
magnirostris Gray, List Genera Birds 83. = Oedicnemus magnirostris Vieill. 
recurvirostris Lesson, Traité Ornith. 547. = Oedicnemus recurviro'stris Swains. 
ESTRILDA (Fringillidae. — Astrild nom. barbar.) — Swainson, Zool. Journ. 
1827. III. 349. — Gray, Genera Birds II. 368. 
Synon. : Estrelda autor. — Astrilda Reichb. — Granatinus Briss. — Bengalis Raf. — 
Pytelia Swains. — Pytilia Agass. — Habropyga, Lagonosticta , Zonogastris, Sporopipus c 
Uraeginthus, Sporothlastes , Sporaeginthus Cab. — Amandava, Coccopygia, Mariposa, Mor- 
raolycia, Hypargos, Marquetia, Melpoda, Brunhilda Reichb. — Ortygospiza Sundev. — Hypo- 
chera, Steganopleura, Neisna Bonap. — Rhodopyga Heugl. 
Eo strum breve, conicum, immarginatum. Alae breves, rotundatae ; remige prima 
spuria minuta, tertia quarta quinta aequalibus, longissimis. Cauda subelongata, 
gradata. — 02 Specc. 
afra Gray, Genera Birds IL 368. [Angola. 
Fringilla afra Gmelin, Syst. Natur. I. 905. — Brown, Illustr. Zool. Tb. 21. 
Fig. 2. 
Pytelia afra Bonaparte, Conspectus Avium L 462. 
Zonogastris afra Cabanis, Mus. Heine. I, 172. 
amandava Blytii, Journ. asiat. Soc. Bengal 1844. XIII. 949. [India. Java. 
Fringilla amandava Linne, Syst. Natur. I. spec. 10. — Buffon, PI. enlum. 
115. Fig. 3. 
Bengalus punctatus Brisson, Ornith. III. 206. Tb. 10. Fig. 4. 
Fringilla mystacea Vieillot, Oiseaux chant. Tb. 1. Fig. 2 juv. 
Fringilla punicea Horsfield, Transact. Lion. Soc. 1821. XIII. 160. 
Estrelda mystacea Gray, Genera Birds II. 368. 
Sporaeginthus amandava Cabanis, Mus. Heine. L 170. 
Estrelda punicea Bonaparte, Conspectus Avium I. 459. 
Munia amandava Philipps, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1857. 96. 
Amandava punctulata, A. punicea Reichenbach, Singvögel 15. 17. 
Amandava amandava Gray, Handlist Birds II. 51. 
Ldl, Ldl munia. — Nock tsi Yumboo. 
annulosa Gould, Birds Australia III. Tb. 81. — Amadina annulosa Gould. 
astrild Swainson, Zool. v Journ. 1827. III. 349. [Africa. 
Loxia astrild Linne, Syst. Natur. — Yieillot, Oiseaux chant. Tb. 12. 
Senegalus striatus Brisson, Ornith. III. 210. Tb. 10. — Buffon, PI. enlum. 
157. Fig. 2. 
Fringilla undulata Pallas, Adumbrat. 143. 
Linaria cinerea, orientalis Seligmann, Ausl. Vögel VI. Tf. 74. 
Loxia astrilda Shaw, Gener. Zool. IX. 254. v 
Fringilla tricolor Vieillot, Oiseaux chant. Tb. 19. 
Fringilla astrild, Fr. rubriventris Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 974. 992; Oiseaux 
chant. Tb. 13. 
Estrelda rubriventris, E. bicolor (errore typogr.) Gray, Genera Birds II. 368. 
Habropyga astrild Cabanis, Mus. Heine. I. 169. — v. Heuglin, Vögel NO. 
Afr. I. 603. 
Estrelda occidentalis Jardine, Contrib. Ornith. 1851. 156. 
Estrilda coerulescens Rüppell, Neue Wirbeith. Abyss. 101. 
Fringilla coerulescens v. Heuglin, Syst. Uebers. Vögel NO. Afr. Nr. 395. 
