FRANKLINIA. — FRATERCULA. 
191 
thoracicus Stephens, Gener. Zool. XI. 322. = Perdix thoracica Tem. 
tristriatus Bonaparte, Compt. rend. 1856. XLII. 882. 953. = Francolinus 
vulgaris Steph. 
vulgaris Stephens, Gener. Zool, XI. 319. — Degland, Ornilh. Europ. II. 59. 
[Europa merid. Asia merid. 
Francolinus Brisson, Ornith. I. 245. Tb. 23. Fig. 2. 
Tetrao francolinus Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 275. — Btjffon, PI. enlum. 147. 148. 
Perdix francolinus Latham, Ind. Ornith. II. 644. — Jardine, Game Birds 
88. Tb. 6. 
Chaetopus francolinus Swainson, Classif. Birds. 
Attagen francolinus Keyserling u. Blasius, Wirbeith. Europ. 65. 
Francolinus tristriatus, Fr. Asiae, Fr. Henrici Bonaparte, Compt. rend. 1856. 
XLII. 882. 953. 
Francolinus brevipes Hodgson. 
Francolin. Faisan des marais. — Kala Tetur. Mushki Teiwr. Durraz. — 
Black Partridge. 
yemensis Nicholson, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1851. 128. Tb. 40. [Arabia. 
Perdix yemensis Bonaparte, Compt. rend. 1856. XLII. 883. 
Caccabis yemensis Gray, Handlist Birds II. 520. 
FRANKLINIA Buchanani Blyth, Ibis 1867. III. 23. = Drymoica Rüppelli Blyth. 
Cleghorniae Blyth, Ibis 1867. III. 24. — Prinia Cleghorniae. 
FRASEEIA Bonaparte, Compt. rend. 1854. XXXVIII. 386. 536. » Tepliro- 
' dornis Swains. 
Queue arrondie, acrotarses d'une seule pièce, 
cinerascens Bonaparte, 1. c. == Tephrodornis einer ascens. 
ochreata Bonaparte, 1. c. = Tephrodornis ochreata Strickl. 
FRATERCULA . (Alcidae.) — Brisson, Ornith. 1760. VI. 81. — Gray, Genera 
Birds 1847. III. 637. — Coues, Proceed, acad. Philadelphia 1868. 19. 
Synon.: Mormon Iiiig. — Lunda Pali. — Larva Vieill. — Gymnoblephârum, Cerato« 
blepharum Brdt. — Sagmatorrhina Bonap. — Alca Gray. 
Bill short, entirely horny, extremely elevated at the base, and very much com- 
pressed on the sides, ivith the culmen arched and acutely keeled to the tip, which 
is hooked; both mandibles transversely grooved and the gonys projecting upwards 
and keeled; the nostrils basal, and placed near the lateral margin, with the opening 
linear and narrow. Wings moderate and pointed, with the first quill the longest. 
Tail short and rounded. Tarsi shorter than the toes, compressed and covered with 
small scales. Toes webbed, the outer toe nearly as long as the middle, the claws 
short and curved. A dilated naked skin at the gap of the mouth. — 4 Specc. 
arctica Leach, Cat. brit. Mus. 42. — Coues, Proceed, acad, Philadelphia 1868. 
21. — Degland, Ornith. Europ. II. 608. [Terrae arcticae. 
Alca arctica Linne, Syst. Natur. I. 211. — Btjffon, Pl. enlum. 275. 
Lunda Gessner, Aves 725. 
Anas arctica Clusius, Exot. Ornith. 104. 
Psittacus marinus Martens, Reise 64. Tf. k. 
Colymbus medius groenlandicus Frisch. 
Fratercula Brisson, Ornith. VI. 81. Tb. 6. Fig, 2. 
Alca deleta Brünnich, Ornith. bor. 25 juv. 
Alca labradora Latham, Ind. Ornith. II. 793. 
Alca labradorica Gmelin, Syst. Natur. I. 550. 
Alca canogularis Meyer, Taschb. Vög. Deutschi. II. 442. 
Mormon fratercula Temminck, Man. Ornith. II. 933. — Gould, Birds Europe 
V. Tb. 403. 
Mormon arctica Illiger, Prodr. Syst. 284. — Naumann, Oken's Isis 1821. 783. 
Tf. 7. Fig. 5 — 7. — Audubon, Ornith. Biogr. III. 105. Tb. 213. 
Mormon glaciales Leach, Zool. Miscell. 
Larva Vieillot, Analyse 67. 
Mormon polaris, M. Grabae Brehm, Vögel Deutschi. 998. 99. 
