FRINGTLLARIA. 
209 
torrida Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. 26. — Coccoborus torridus Cab. 
totta Layard, Birds S. Afr. 202. == Loxia totta Gmel. 
Townsendi Audubon, Ornitb. Biogr. V. 236. == Passerculus Townsendi Baird. 
trichroa Kitïlitz, Mém. acad. Petersbg. 1835. II. 8. = Erythrura trichroa Bp. 
tricolor Vieillot, Oiseaux chant. Tb. 19. = Estrilda astrild Swains. 
tricolor Vieillot, Oiseaux chant. Tb. 20. == Erythrura tricolor Bonap. 
tristis Linne, Syst. Nat. I. 320. = Chrysomitris tristis Bonap. 
tristriata v. Heuglin, Journ. Ornith. 1868. XVI. 91. = Serinus tristriatus Rüpp. 
trochanter! a Giebel, Fauna Vorwelt II. 1 5. Spec. foss. Diluvium. [Quedlinburg. 
troglodytes Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. 16. = Estrilda cinerea Gray. 
Ultramarina Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 927. = Amadina nitens Swains. 
undulata Pallas, Adumbrat. 143. = Estrilda astrild Swains. 
unicolor Lichtenstein, Nomencl. Avium 45. = Coccoborus unicolor. 
uropygialis Liciitenstein, Verz. Vögel Cafferl. 16. = Fringilla angolensis Gmel. 
uropygialis Ehrenberg, Mus. berol. = Serinus xanthopygius Rüpp. 
variegata Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 911. — Brisson, Ornith. III. 178. — Nova 
Hispania. 
velata Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. 23. = Ploceus gambiensis. 
Verreauxi Lesson. = Spermophaga margaritata Shivel. 
versicolor Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 992. — Senegal. 
vespertina Cooper, Ann. Lyc. New York 1825. I. 220. = Coccoihraustes 
vespertinus Bonap. 
viridis Vieillot, Encycl. méth. 988. = Estrilda viridis Gray. 
viridis Pz. Wied, Beitr. Naturg. Bras. III. 555. = Pitylus brasiliensis. 
vitellina Lichtenstein, Verz. Doubl. 23. '== Ploceus vitellinus. 
vitis Müller, Syst. Nat. Suppl. 163. = Fringilla linaria Lin. 
xanthomaschalis Wagler, Oken's Isis 1831. 525. = Coccoborus melanoce- 
phalus Aud. 
xanthopygia Lefebvre, Oiseaux Abyss. 174. = Serinus xanthopygius Rüpp. 
xanthosterna Natterer. == Passer xant host emus. 
Yarrelli Gray, Genera Birds II. 371. = Chrysomitris Yarrelli Bonap. 
zena Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 907. = Tanagra zena Vig. 
zeylonica Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 906. — Latham, Synopsis II. 317. — Ceylon. 
FRINGILLARIA (Emberizinae) Swainson, CI assif. Birds 1837. II. 288. — Gray, 
Genera Birds II. 378. = Emberiza Lin. 
Synon.: Polymitra Cab. 
Bill short, conical, acute, with the culmen and gonys straight and equally 
sloping to the tip; the lateral margins straight and the base angulated, that of the 
lower mandible inflected; the nostrils basal, lateral and concealed by the frontal 
feathers. Wings short, with the two first quills graduated and the third and 
fourth the longest; the tertials nearly as long as the quills. Tail lengthened with 
the end nearly even or slightly forked. Tarsi slender longer than the middle toe. 
Toes small and slender, with the lateral ones short and equal, and the claws 
small and short. 
anthoides Swainson, Two centur. Birds 316. Fig. 63 b . == Emberiza impe- 
tuani Smith. 
bicincta Gray, Genera Birds II. 378. = Emberiza flaviventris Heugl. 
caesia Swainson, Classif. Birds II. 290. = Emberiza caesia Rüpp. 
capensis Swainson, Classif. Birds II. 290. == Emberiza capensis Lin. 
capensis Swainson, Birds W. Africa I. 211. = Emberiza flaviventris Heugl. 
capistrata Gray, Handlist Birds II. 116. = Emberiza capistrata Heugl. 
erythroptera Gray, Genera Birds II. 378. — Emberiza capensis Lin. 
flavigastra v. Heuglin, Journ. Ornith. 1867. XV. 298. = Emberiza flavi- 
ventris Heugl. 
flaviventris Gray, Genera Birds II. 378. = Emberiza flaviventris Heugl. 
impetuani Gray, Genera Birds II. 378. = Emberiza impetuani Smith. 
naevia Gray, Handlist Birds II. 115. = Emberiza flaviventris Heugl. 
Gibbbl, Thesaurus, II. 14 
