GRACULUS. — GRALLARIA. 
Carbo raptensis Hodgson, teste Bonaparte. 
Phalacrocorax pumilio Lichtenstein. 
Phalacrocorax Niepcii Malherbe. 
Microcarbo pygmaeus, M. melanognathus , M. niger Gray, Handl. Birds III. 
129. 
( 'çtdel cagam. — Dia kawa. — Graya de Mare. — Jog rabhi, Pan koul. 
Pan kowa. Pan kowri, Pan kouti. — Kaben. Tong gyec. — Pech uch. 
sarmientonus Gray, Genera Birds III. 668. = Gr acutus carunculatus Schleg. 
sinensis Gray, Genera Birds III. 667. — Graculus carbo Gray. 
stictocephalus Gray, Ibis 1862. IV. 252. = Graculus carbo Gray. 
sulcirostris Gray, Genera Birds III. 667. = Graculus carbo Gray. 
urile Gray, Genera Birds III. 667. — Graculus perspicillatus Baird. 
varius Gray, Genera Birds III. 667; Voy. Erebus Terror Tb. 19. — Schlegel, 
Mus. Pays-Bas Pelec. 20. — Hutton, Transact. New Zealand Instit. III. 112. 
[Australia. Nova Zealandia. 
Pelecanus varius Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 576. — Latham, Ind. Ornith. II. 890. 
Pelecanus pica Forster, Descr. anim. 104; Icon. ined. 106. 
Carbo hypoleucus Brandt, Bullet, acad. Petersbg. 1837. III. 55. — [cf. Gr. 
leucogaster Gray.] 
Phalacrocorax hypoleucus Gould, Birds Australia VII. Tb. 68. 
Phalacrocorax fucosus Peale, Unit. St. Expl. Exped. VIII. 
Hydrocorax fuscescens Vieillot. 
Hypoleucus varius Reichenbach, natürl. Syst. Tf. 63. — Bonaparte, Con- 
spect. Avium II. 173. 
violaceus Gray, Genera Birds III. 668. — Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas Pelec. 17. 
[America rossica. Kamtschatka. Japonia. China. Maluinae. 
Pelecanus violaceus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. I. 575. 
Phalacrocorax pelagius , Ph. - bicristatus Pallas, Zoogr. ross. as. II. 303. 
Tb. 75. Fig. 2. Tb. 76. — [cf. Gr. bicristatus Gray.] 
Phalacrocorax resplendens Audubon, Birds America VI. 430. Tb. 419. Fig. 1. 
Phalacrocorax Townsendi Audubon, Birds America VI. 438. Tb. 418; Ornith. 
Biogr. V. 149. 
Carbo mentalis, C. bicristatus Temminck, Fauna japon. Tb. 84. 84 b . 
Carbo penicillatus Brandt, Bullet, acad. Petersbg. 1837. III. 55. 
Phalacrocorax penicillatus Heermann, Proceed, philos, acad. 1854. VII. 178. 
Graculus penicillatus , Gr. pelagicus Gray, Genera Birds III. 667. — Schle- 
gel, Mus. Pays-Bas Pelec. 18. 
Urile penicillatus Bonaparte, Conspect. Avium II. 175. 
Phalacrocorax aeolus Swinhoe, Ibis 1867. IH. 395. 
Graculus aeolus Gray, Handl. Birds III. 127. 
GRACULUS Koch, Syst. bai er. Zool. 1816. = Fregilus Cuv. 
GRACUPICA Lesson, Traité Ornith. 1831. 401. = Acridotheres Vieill. 
Bec alongé, fort, entier, pointu, convexe, comprimé, presque droit; mandi- 
bule inférieure comprimée, arrondie, pointue, à bords droits, commissure dénu- 
dée, ainsi que le tous des yeux; narines longitudinales, bordées par les plumes 
du front; ailes alongées, pointues; queue moyenne, arrondie; tarses robustes, 
forts, à scutelles épaisses. 
melanoleuca Lesson, Traité Ornith. 401. = Acridotheres nigricollis Gray. 
nigricollis Swinhoe, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1863. 303. = Acridotheres nigri- 
collis Gray. 
GRALLARIA (Myiotherinae). — Vieillot, Analyse 1816. 43. — Gray, Genera 
Birds I. 212. — Burmeister, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. III. 49. — Sclater, 
Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1858. 279. 
Synon.: Myioturdus , Myiotrichas Boie. — Chamaeza Vig. — Chemoeza Less. — Co- 
lobathris, Codonistris Glog. — Hypsibemon , Chamaezosa Cab. — Grallaricula Sclat. — 
Pittasoma Cass. 
Schnabel ziemlich dick und etwas höher als breit, kürzer als der Kopf, leicht 
