732 
NYCTICHELIDON. — NYCTIDROMUS. 
NYCTICHELIDON europaeus Rennie, Mont. Ornith. diet. 1831. 342. = Capri- 
mulgus europaeus Lin. 
NYCTICORAX Möhring, Genera Avium 1752. = Nyctibius Vieill. 
NYCTICORAX (Ardeidae. — vuxTixopaÇ nom. propr.) Stephens, gener. Zool. 1819. 
XI. 608. — Boie, Oken's Isis 1826. 979. — Gray, Genera Birds 1847. III. 
557. = Ardea Lin. 
Synon.: Nyctiardea Swains. — Scotaeus Blas. — Nyctirodius Macgill. — Nycthero- 
dius Reichb. 
Bill rather longer than the head, strong, with the culmen gradually curved 
and the sides compressed to the tip, with is emarginated, the gonys long and 
ascending; the nostrils lateral and placed in a groove with the opening linear and 
closed by a membranous scale. Wings long, with the first quill shorter than the 
second and third, which are equal and longest. Tail short and even. Tarsi as 
long as the middle toe, rather strong, and covered with large irregular scales. 
Toes long, rather slender, the outer toe longer than the inner, both united at 
their base, especially the former; the hind toe long, rather slender and on the 
same plane with the others; the claws moderate, curved and acute. 
americanus Bonaparte, List Birds Eur. 48. = Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
ardeola Temminck, Man. Ornith. IV. 384. — Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
australasiae Gray, Genera Birds III. 558. == Ardea caledonica Gmel. 
badius Brehm, Vögel Deutschi. 592. = Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
caledonicus Stephens, Cooks Voy. II. Tb. 50. = Ardea caledonica Gmel. 
cayanensis Stephens, gener. Zool. XI. 612. = Ardea violacea Lin. 
cayennensis Cabanis, Schomb. Reise. == Ardea violacea Lin. 
crassirostris Vigors, Beechey's Voy. Zool. 27. = Ardea manillensis Vig. 
cucullatus Gray, Genera Birds III. 558. — Ardea cucullata Lichtst. 
europaeus Stephens, gener. Zool. XI. 609. — Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
Gardeni Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860. 387. — Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
Goisagi Gray, Genera Birds III. 558. = Ardea goisagi Schleg. 
griseus Strickland. = Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
jamaicensis Stephens, gener. Zool. XI. 614. = Ardea cucullata Lichtst. 
leuconotus Gray, Genera Birds III. 558. = Ardea jamaicensis Lichtst. 
limnophylax Gray, Genera Birds III. 558. =*= Ardea limnophylax Tem. 
manillensis Gray, Genera Birds III. 558. = Ardea manillensis Vig. 
melanolophus Raffles, Transact. Linn. Soc. 1823. XIII. 326. === Ardea goi- 
sagi Schleg. 
meridionalis Brehm, Vögel Deutschi. 593. = Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
naevius Gray, Genera Birds III. 558. = Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
nycticorax Lesson, Traité Ornith. 571. == Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
orientalis Brehm, Vögel Deutschi. 592. = Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
oceanicus Lesson, Descr. Mam. Ois. 242. = Ardea oceanica. 
pauper Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870. 327. = Ardea violacea Lin. 
pileatus Gray, Genera Birds III. 558. == Ardea pileata Lath. 
sibilatrix Lesson, Traité Ornith. 571. = Ardea sibilatrix Tem. 
violaceus Boie, Oken's Isis 1826. 979. — Ardea violacea Lin. 
vulgaris Ord, edit. Wilson. = Ardea nycticorax Lin. 
NYCTIDROMUS (Caprimulgidae. — vu? nox, opojxoç currens). — Gould, Icones 
Avium 1838. II. Tb. 2. 
Synon.: Nyctydromus aut. — Eucapripodus, Lucapripodus Less. 
Bill moderate, with the gape very wide where the lateral margins are dilated 
and furnished with long slender bristles; the culmen curved and the sides much 
compressed to the tip, which is hooked and emarginated; the base of the upper 
mandible with a few short bristles; the nostrils lateral, tubular, with the opening 
large and exposed. Wings moderate, with the third quill the longest. Tail leng- 
thened and graduated. Tarsi nearly as the long as the middle toe, naked and 
broadly scutellated in front. Toes moderate; with the lateral toes equal; the hind 
toe small and armed with a small claw. 
