CENCHRAMUS. ~ CENTROCIRCUS. 
603 
the sides compressed towards the acute tip; the lateral ridge running along near 
the culmen to the tip and the gonys moderate, ascending and angulous; the 
nostrils basal, lateral, oval and exposed. Wings long and rounded, with the 
fifth quill the longest. Tail long and graduated, with the ends of the feathers 
pointed and rigid. Tarsi short and covered with broad scales. Toes moderate 
and unequal, with the outer pair longest, and the anterior toe longer than the 
posterior one; the claws large, curved and acute. 
badioides Gray, Genera Birds II. 440. ~ Ficus castaneus Liciitst. 
castaneus Gray, Handlist Birds II. 104. = Pious castaneus Liciitst. 
cinnamomeus Boie, Oken's Isis 1831. 542. = Picus cinnamomeus Gmel. 
citreopygus Sclater, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1867. XXXV. 7 bS. = Pictis jumana Spix. 
citrinus Gray, Genera Birds II. 440.^= Picus exalbidus Gmel. 
elegans Gray, Handlist Birds II. 194. = Picus cinnamomeus Gmel. 
exalbidus Bonaparte, Conspectus Avium I. 130. — Picus exalbidus Gmel. 
flavescens Boie, Oken's Isis 1831. 542. = Picus flavescens Gmel. 
flavicans Burmeister, Uebers. Th. Brasil. II. 233. = Picus exalbidus Gmel. 
fiavus Gray, Handlist Birds II. 194. = Picus exalbidus Gmel. 
Fraseri Sclater, Catal. Amer. Birds 335. = Picus loricatus Sunde v. 
grammicus v. Pelzeln, Ornith. Brasil. 252. — Picus grammicus Sundev. 
jumana Gray, Genera Birds II. 440. — Picus jumana Spix. 
lugubris Gray, Handlist Birds II. 194. — Picus lugubris Sundev. 
mentalis Cassin, Proceed, acad. Philad. 1860. 137. Picus pholidotus Sundev. 
multifasciatus Malherbe, Mém. Soc. Liège 1845. 18. — Picus loricatus Sundev. 
multicolor Bonaparte, Conspectus Avium I. 130. = Picus multicolor Gmel. 
ochraceus Gray, Genera Birds II. 440. = Picus ochraceus Spix. 
Reichenbachi Gray, Handlist Birds II. 194. — Picus Reichenbachi Sundev. 
rufus Gray, Genera Birds II. 440. = Picus ruf us Gmel. 
semicinnamomeus Reichenbach, Handb. spec. Ornith. 407. = Picus exalbidus 
Gmel. 
smaragdicoUis Bonaparte, Conspectus Avium I. 130. — Spec, spuria. 
squamatus Lawrence, Ibis 1863. Y. 184. — Picus pholidotus Sundev. 
tinnunculus Bonaparte, Conspect. Avium I. 130. — Picus tinnunculus Wagl. 
torquatus Gray, Genera Birds II. 440. Picus midticolor Gmel. 
undatus Gray, Genera Birds II. 440. — Picus undatus Lin. 
CENCHRAMUS Aldrovandus = Emberiza Lin. 
CENCHRAMUS Möhring, Avium Genera 1752. 51. ~ Meleagris Lin. 
Rostrum apice supra descendens. Frontis caruncula, cornu figura, pendula. 
Caput et Collum superius circumcirca cute nuda glandulosa, tuberosum. Gutturis 
crista cutacea, pendula, longitudinalis, palearium loco. Digiti antici très, posticus 
unus. Membrana anticorum intermedia primum articulum hinc et inde occupans. 
Typus: Meleagris Lin. 
CENTRITES (Fluvicolinae. — xevTpov calcar) Cabanis, Wiegm. Archiv 1847. XIII. 
256. — Fluvicola Swains. 
Synon.: Centrophanes Cab. 
niger Cabanis, Mus. Heine. II. 48. = Fluvicola nigra. 
oreas Sclater, Proceed. Zool. Soc. 1869. XXXVII. 154. = Fluvicola nigra. 
rnfiis Cabanis, Wiegm. Archiv 1847. XIII. 256. = Fluviöola nigra. 
CENTROCERCUS (subgen. Tetraonis. — xsvxpov aculeus, xepxoç cauda) Swainson, 
Fauna bor. amer. 1831. 58. = Tetrao Lin. 
Tail feathers lanceolate, ending in a naked point, 
phasianellus Bonaparte, Compt. rend. 1856. XLII. 880. = Tetrao phasia- 
nellus Lin. * 
urophasianus Swainson, Fauna bor. amer. 58. = Tetrao urophasianus Dougl. 
CENTROCIRCUS (subgen. Tetraonis) Swainson, Classific. Birds 1837. II. 344. 
Tetrao Lin. 
phasianellus Swainson, Classific. Birds II. 344. = Tetrao phasianellus Lin. 
urophasianus Swainson, Classific. Birds II. 344. = Tetrao urophasianus Dougl. 
