SOUTH 
first, until the dogs learned tlieir positions and their duties, 
but as days passed drivers and teams became efhcient. Each 
team had its leader, and efficiency depended largely on the 
willingness and ability of this dog to punish skulking and 
disobedience. We learned not to interfere unless the disci- 
plinary measures threatened to have a fatal termination. The 
drivers could sit on the sledge and jog along at ease if they 
chose. But the prevailing minus temperatures made riding 
unpopular, and the men preferred usually to run or walk 
alongside the teams. We were still losing dogs through sickness, 
due to stomach and intestinal worms. 
Dredging for specimens at various depths was one of the 
duties dming these days. The dredge and several hundred 
fathoms of wire line made a heavy load, far beyond the unaided 
strength of the scientists. On the 23rd, for example, we put 
down a 2-ft. dredge and 660 fathoms of wire. The dredge was 
hove in four hours later and brought much glacial mud, several 
pebbles and rock fragments, three sponges, some worms, 
brachiofods, and fomminifercB, The mud was troublesome. 
It was heavy to lift, and as it froze rapidly when brought to 
the surface, the recovery of the specimens embedded in it 
was difficult. A haul made on the 26th brought a prize for the 
geologist in the form of a lump of sandstone weigliing 75 lb., 
a piece of fossiliferous limestone, a fragment of striated shale, 
sandstone-grit, and some pebbles. Hauling in the dredge by 
hand was severe work, and on the 24th we used the Girling 
tractor-motor, which brought in 500 fathoms of line in thirty 
mmutes, including stops. One stop was due to water having 
run over the friction gear and frozen. It was a day or two 
later that we heard a great yell from the floe and found Clark 
dancing about and shouting Scottish war-cries. He had secured 
his first complete specimen of an Antarctic fish, apparently a 
new species. 
Mirages were frequent. Barrier-cliffs appeared all around 
us on the 29th, even in places where we knew there was deep 
water. Bergs and pack are thrown up in the sky and dis- 
torted into the most fantastic shapes, Tliey climb, trembling, 
upwards, spreading out into long lines at different levels, then 
42 
