APPENDIX I 
longer fibrous, but becomes spotted or bubbly, a certain percentage 
of salt drains away, and the ice becomes almost translucent. 
The Pack is a term very often used in a wide sense to include any 
area of sea-ice, no matter what form it takes or how disposed. The 
French term is banquise de derive. 
Pack-ice. A more restricted use than the above, to include 
hummocky floes or close areas of young ice and hght floes. Pack-ice 
is " close " or " tight " if the floes constituting it are in contact : 
open " if, for the most part, they do not touch. In both cases it 
hinders, but does not necessarily check, navigation ; the contrary 
holds for 
Drift-ice. Loose open ice, where the area of water exceeds that 
of ice. Generally drift-ice is within reach of the swell, and is a stage 
in the breaking down of pack-ice, the size of the floes being much 
smaller than in the latter, (Scoresby's use of the term drift-ice for 
pieces of ice intermediate in size between floes and brash has, how- 
ever, quite died out). The Antarctic or Arctic pack usually has a 
girdle or fringe of drift-ice. 
Brash, Small fragments and roundish nodules ; the wreck of 
other kinds of ice. 
Bergy Bits. Pieces, about the size of a cottage, of glacier-ice or 
of hummocky pack washed clear of snow. 
Growlers. Still smaller pieces of sea-ice than the above, greenish 
in colour, and barely showing above water-level. 
Crack. Any sort of fracture or rift in the sea-ice covering. 
Lead or Lane. Where a crack opens out to such a width as to be 
navigable- In the Antarctic it is customary to speak of these as 
leads, even when frozen over to constitute areas of young ice. 
Pools. Any enclosed water areas in the pack, where length and 
breadth are about equal. 
METEOROLOGY 
By L. D. A HussEY, B.Sc. (Lond.), Capt. R.G.A 
The meteorological results of the Expedition, when properly worked 
out and correlated with those from other stations in the southern 
hemisphere, will be extremely valuable, both for their bearing on 
the science of meteorology in general, and for their practical and 
economic applications. 
South America is, perhaps, more intimately concerned than any 
other country, but AustraUa, New Zealand, and South Africa are 
all affected by the weather conditions of the Antarctic. Researches 
347 
