102 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [km. 1, 1900. 
is made, the oiitlay in withering accommod- 
ation is at once saved. It would be cheaper 
all round in manufacture I am certain, but 
the outturn is not more than 22 per cent., as 
against 25 per cent, of black. 
If Mr. Wright would publish the invoices 
and account sales of all the teas he has sold, 
and been paid a bonus on (which in itself is 
a big profit in these days) it would be of 
great use, and if you will add here the 
enclosed cutting from the American Grocer 
it will speak for itself as I believe the teas 
referred to are from Mr. Wright? Mr. 
Rutherford and Mr. Mackenzie are level- 
headed men, and know what they are doing, 
and I believe that so soon as green teas are 
shipped in any qiiantity, a market will arise 
.md ))rices be remunerative to many estates 
which are now averaging from 7d to 7ld ov 
even less for Black Teas. \^ ill you kindly 
insert at ftiot of this letter copy of| my 
letter to the Ceylon Observer, and I think 
yourselves of Ist August, 189U, which I 
(3Uclose describing the patent held by myself 
a^id Mr. Rae, as newconaers may unwittingly 
infringe that patent which not only applies 
to the "machine" but to the process of 
aiiplying steam to green tea leaf.— Yours, &c., 
H. 'DRUMMOND DEANE. 
[Enclosure referred to.) 
Ceylon Green teas. — Thus the Vanadian- 
Qrocer :— " Yes gveen Ceylon teas are a great factor 
on the Canadian and Auieucan markets at pref^ent, 
and are goina to grow very rapidly," said T C 
Larldn, of The 'Salada' Tea Co. "We had 
.shipments on the ss. " Maria," ss. "Beatrice " and 
ss. ' Clan MacLean,' all arriving within in ten 
day? of each other, and they go out just about as 
fast as they cotne in. We had four repeat orders 
by mail in one day ; that is, four orders without 
aiiv soiicitation came in direct on post-cards or 
letters. These remember, are 'repeats,' showing 
that the goods ' are going,' and that they please 
the public. Vv'e notice lots of others now taking 
up Ceylon greens, but there are Ceylon greens and 
Ceylon greens. In the cour.se ot a couple of years, 
they will have the same pasition in the green tea 
trade that Ceylon blacks have today in the black 
tea trade. To be sure, tiiey cost a little more thau 
Japan tea'^, but they give the deafer better profit, 
and, as they are nuioh stronger than Japan teas, 
they go furtiifti- and are, therefore, just as cheap to 
use, besides being of very much finer flavour and 
strictly without coloring." 
GREEN TEAS : PATENT PREPARATrON OF, 
IN CEYLON. 
To the Editor Ceylon Observer, 
Dkae Sir.— Some particulars of our invention 
which renders the manufacture of true green teas, 
simple and inexpensive, may b of use to your read- 
c!rs. We have, as you are aware, patented the 
method as well as the machine in Ceylon, and hope 
.'-hcrtiv to do so i'l India. Our p<ifent covei s— (1) A 
nii-rJioil of rondfring lea leaf pliab!? fov purpose, of 
j'oiiiug or tNvi-i,iii;r witlio.ii. i-es')rt to tiie process 
kno.vn MS uiiii' rln'_', (2) A niaeliiiie forc.u'rying out 
this metlioil on a, scaie large eiiengh to suit rhe larg- 
e.st factories. Green i cas uiiiy be divided into two 
classes —Oolongs or Sumi-green teas, which are par- 
tially fenii'jntcd, and true green teas, which are 
wholly uiifermen^ed. Thesr^ teas are the most po- 
pular class ot tea in use in Morth America as shown 
by the fact reported to the inventors by Mr. F. 
Street, the loca' (ea expert, that, out of a total ex- 
port of 51,000,001) lb. of China tea to the United 
States last season up to the middle of November, 
only a very little over 1,000,000 lb. of tea corres- 
ponding to the ordinary Ceylon black leaf was 
imijoi ted, wliile of Oolons's there were imported 
14,000,000 lb. and of the unfermented class, which 
are the true green teas, no less than 32,000,000 lb. 
In view of the desire in Vnylon to introduce teas 
of this island into the Ameiiean market it is thus 
shown to be hifhiy desirable that teas should be 
manufactured of the unfermented class, and tnat a 
method and appaiatus for insuring the manufac- 
ture thereof .should be perfected. 
Oolong.s consist of tea leaves, withered either 
artificially or naturally, by hot air or on hot plates, 
suflicient to enable them to be rolled, when they 
are straightway fired. 
The result of this process is that the ellect called 
by some fermentation and by others oxidization is 
partieally produced, and this effect prevents the 
leaves from being uniform in colour and cau-es 
them to vary from an olive green to a light brown. 
True green teas are made only of leaf which has 
never been fermented or o.xidized and, when in- 
fused, should show a uniform yellowish green colour 
which could never be obtained had eiiheroxidization 
or fermentation taken place. The production of these 
teas has hitherto been found impracticable in (Ceylon, 
because leaf could not be rendered sufficiently soft 
or pliable to be rolled or twisted unless by its 
being withered either naturally or artificially by 
hot air or hot plates, which witliering is in itself a 
decree of fermentation or oxidization. 
It was therefore requisitive to find a method of 
obtaining pliability necessary for the rolling or 
twisting process by other means which would pre- 
vent all fermentation or oxidizations. The inven- 
tors claim to have discovered after long experiment, 
and to have been the first in Ceylon to practise 
their discovery of a method by which 
tea leaf is rendered sufficiently pliable 
for rolling by a method iieretofore entirely 
novel in Geylon, vs'hich process not only produces 
pliability but absolutely checks all fermentation 
or oxidization. Full particulars of the macliine can 
be obtained from Messrs. Brown Rae & Co., our 
Agents at Ilatton, and, with each machine, ins- 
tructions necessary for its nse will be issued. — Yours 
faithfully, (Signed) H. D. DEANE. 
August 1st 1890. 
FURTHER NOTES FKOM MR. DRUMMOND DEANE. 
Travaacore, July 9. 
Dear Sir, — In re your leading article of 29th 
June, anent manufacture of "creen teas," you say: 
■ — " It is quite evident that it would not have been 
aband oned, even temporarily, by Mr.Deane or Mr. 
Wright, had it shown much profit." The reason, I 
abandoned it was twofold : — 
1. I had at that time (10 years ago) a contract 
M'ith a vtrell-known Queensland firm to give them 
as much "pekoe" as I could make at 9d 
per iwund sterling f.o b. in Colombo. My 
bl ck teas, by this contract, were then aver- 
aging about lOcl per pound. It was impossible to 
make only the "liner" and "common" grades 
into " greens ", and though the average I was 
then getting, of neailj' 9J nett, per pouml on ^reen 
teas, was satisfactory, there was a drawback- 
No. 2 (which wou!d not affect a Company, but 
seriously alfocted the private producer) viz. 
whereas by selling pekoes in Queensland, I got 
cash on tlie nail with the Bill of Lading, and by 
