Aug. 1, 190G.J Supphmeni to the " Tropical Agrimlttcrist.'" 
here, and a number of students regularly told 
off to the farm for a montirs work at a time. 
After a practical acquaintance with the 
processes of cultivation lius been established, 
a similar knowledge of crops should be gained 
on estates and gardens in an actual state of 
work, instead of through model farms. Travel- 
ling tours should be arranged for twice a year, 
and within the two and a half years' coarse 
a student should have travelled in all the 
important districts of the Island. In this travel- 
ling course he should make prolonged acquaint- 
ance with such cultivations as paddy, coconur, 
cacao, cardamoms, cinnamon, tobacco, tea, coffee, 
rubber, &c., and spend a number of days or weeks 
at selected estates, i'or instance, Mr. Elliott's 
Wallaway lands should keep a class for a two 
weeks to a month at work, and in the same 
way any coconut planter in the Veyangoda, Ne- 
gombo, or Kuruuegala district will welcome the 
travelling class to auy coconut estate, while the 
same may be said of tobacco and other crops 
as well as garden products. 
WorksJiop. — The students should acquire a 
knowledge of carpentry, blacksmith's woik and 
building, sufficient for agricultural purposes. 
Their hands should be practised to the use of 
carjienters', smiths' and builders' tools, esich of 
these branches being taken up at a different 
school term. 
9. In the case of students who are being 
trained as teachers, a part of the practical 
•work can be dispensed v/ith and the time 
gained devoted to practical work in connection 
with the teaching profession. 
10. It must be understood that no results 
should be e.xpecteJ, nor any attempt made to 
gu'age the extent of improvement rej^ulting in 
the state of ugiiculture after a course of edu- 
cation as described above. All improvements 
should be gradual, and to force such will be 
unnatural and will never result in any practical 
good. I do not approve of experimental gardens 
in connection with agricultural education. 
It is for an Agricultural Department, or the 
reve.iue officer of the different districts to 
establish such gardens only in places where 
they think they are required. 
11. There is one thing more the department 
of Public Instruction should do. They should 
uot be satisfied with the mere establishment 
of a School of Agriculture, but the scope of 
such education should be extended and syste- 
matized. 
A special grant should be given to all 
teachers of schools who train their boys for a 
practical course of agriculture in addition to 
the theoretical one now prescribed. A grant of 
Rs. 4 per head for first stage, Rs, 6 for second 
stage, and K8 for a third stage pass will be 
sufiicii-'nt encouragement for teachers to attend 
to this matter. A syllabus should be drawn 
up, and the Agricultural Inspector appointed 
by the department should not only inspect tlie 
boys in their practical work, but should visit 
schools in different centres iind organize this 
practical course as well as the establishment 
of school garden?. The Inspector in charge of 
agriculture or the agricultural assistant to the 
D.P.I, siiould, in addition, advise the department 
in connection with tiie central .school of agri- 
culture in all matters and take charge of some 
of the important travelling classes when he 
can find the time to do so. 
12. The annual expenses for carrying out 
this scheme will not be much over R30,000. Of 
thi*. RiO.OOO will include all expenses for 
the Agricultural School and RIO.OOO, for provid- 
ing the cost of an agricultural Qssistaiit to the 
Director, (who should at least be paid R5,000 
a year,) and for payment of bonus on 
results to school teachers. 
W. A. D. S. 
Colombo, 28th June, 1900. 
BY HIGHWAYS AiSD HEDGES. 
The Chief Justice of Ceylon's Judgment in 
the layium case affords amusing reading. For 
the benelit of the uninitiated I quote as follows 
from Dr. Watt : — " There are primarily three 
forms of the resin or narcotic (from Indian Hemp 
or Canabis Satim), but under each there exists 
local modifications, special preparations from 
these and adulterations or imitations. The three 
forms are known as Ganja, Charas and Bhang. 
Ganja is the female flowering tops with the re- 
sinous exudations on tnese ; Charas the resinous 
substance found on the leaves, young twigs, bark 
of the stem, and even the young fruits ; Bhang, 
the mature leaves, and in some parts of Iudi» 
the fruits also, but not the twigs. 
The definition of ganja as given in the local 
Ordinance is not a satisfact n-y one and does not 
go far enough. It would be better if all narcotic 
prep irations from Cmn ibis Saliva were brought 
witiiin the meaning of tiie Ordinance, since, 
as Dr. Watt informs us " from the stem, leave.", 
flowers, and even the fruits, a resinous extract 
of a powerful narcotic character may be pre- 
pared." So that it is not only the "diseased 
floweiing tops" referred to by the Chief Justice 
thit are capable of producing the objection- 
able drug. 
The following further reference by Watt to these 
narcotics and the control of their use in India 
is also interesting : — "As already explained there 
are three forms of this poisonous drug: (a) 
ganja, the agglutinated female flowering tops 
and resinous exudation on these; {b) charas, a 
resinous substance found on the leaves, young 
twigs, and bark, and (c) bhang or siddhi, th« 
mature leaves, and in some parts of India th* 
frails also, and even the very young twiga, 
but not the steii.s. Ganja and charas are smoked, 
and bhang is either used in the preparation 
of tlie green intoxicating beverage hashish, or 
in the manufacture of the sweel-meat known 
as majun (vulgarly majum). Bhang is much 
weuker than either ganja or charas. and 
by many is supposed to be much le^s inj iMii.«. 
it is sold in Bengal at from 4 to h .>:• [-1 
annas , a seer, whereas ganja and charas cjst 
from R4 to R2-") a seer. Bhang, being collected 
largely frc m the wild plant, is extensively use4 
