272 
THE TROPICAL AGKICULTURIST 
[Oct. 1, 1900. 
cart-road rif^hb into the estates, the trace 
being now cut through Mr. Martin's property. 
This for a district only three years old is 
' exceedingly good and the Annamalai planters 
altogether will have cause to regret the 
retirement of Sir Arthur Havelock who has 
taken a warm personal interest in their ad- 
vancement, —an advancement, however, which 
brings benefit to the whole comnmnity. 
All the products grown look very promising. 
"Mr. Martin's elevation is about 3,500 feet 
with magnificent outlooks to the Tra van- 
core Hills. The climate is hotter than in 
Ceylon at the same alticude and the rain- 
fall (which is much above the avei'age this 
year) though plentiful, is not well distributed, 
rendering some months about April rather 
unhealthy. Nevertheless, we could only 
congratulate Mr. Martin on looking so "fit" 
after his hard work as pioneer, and we 
' added that he ought to have had a dozen 
or score of paying "creepers" to benefit by 
what can so r;u"ely be got now, real jungle 
wox'k in clearing and planting, away from 
radways and roads with few or no luxuries. 
Such an experience it is that makes the 
contented planter— contented when eventu- 
ally he sees all in order, and the cart-road 
within hailing distance. We may add that 
the terms for these Annamalai lands are 50 
cents a year per acre rent and one rupee on 
land planted and in bearing, the lease being for 
30 years with the privilege of renewal for 
another 30 years on the same terms. The 
Madras Government do not intend to give out 
any more land beyond the 25,000 acres ; but 
there are some blocks which were taken up 
by Ueylon men who have never touched 
them. These we suppose, or rather their 
leases, are probably available for sale or 
transfer, if the claims have not expired. 
Meantime we congratulate Messrs. Martin 
and Bannatine and other Ceylon friends on 
their good prospects and trust they may 
have the due reward of their labour. 
TEA IN SOUTH CAROLINA, UNITED 
STATES. 
We are indebted to several home corre- 
spondents for cuttings from the London Timrs 
and other papers respecting tea-growing in 
Carolina, as if it were an important matter 
to us in Ceylon. But with labour at a 
dollar a day, no tea industry can ever grow 
to much in the Southern States. 
Plantationt Doctoj^s in California.— In tie 
long ago there were doctors for the " coloured 
pussons" held in hoiKla«e on Sontliern iilanta- 
tions ; now it is the pi uils cultivated that are 
treated by doctors — or tlieir equivalent; for we 
find, according to the report of the Californian 
State Board of Horticulturo, that inspectors are 
required to make plants of-infected orchards, 
showing the exact locatiod of each infested '.tree ; 
and as a result of the careful work of the ins- 
pectors, preat success has attended their efforts. 
T\venty-ei!,'ht orchards in Riverside County, 
which in 1897 had a total infection of 1609 trees, 
had in only 433, a reducti:)n of over 73 per 
cent.— Gardeners' Chronicle, Sept. 8. 
BlllTHH ASSOCIATION AT BPtADFOKD. 
BOTANICAL SECTION. 
Mr. J Parkins read a paper on " Fungi found in 
Ccy!oa growing uiion Scale-Insects." 
GERMAN EAST AFRICA: 
PKOGKESS IN DEVELOPMENT. 
Thi Foiei;fn Office lias just issued encyelop;edia 
icpoit liy Mv. Vice-Consul Uundas on German 
East Africa frc ni 1892 to 1S99. It opens with a 
de i;iipiion of the boundaries, position, and size 
of ihe territory, its lakes, rivers, climates, history 
from the most ancient times, population, adaiiais- 
Iration, pnljlic health (including the lio.spital ac- 
commodation), posts and telegraphs, agriculture, 
itidusiiy, li^^hthouses, shipping, roads, transport, 
i]U|jorts and exports, schools, troops, the military 
expeditions, the various divisions, with details as 
to the condition of each, and much otLer infor- 
mation of a similar kind. Lender the head of 
population, some remarks occur on the two classes 
of Baut tribi's, known as the elder and the youi'ger, 
which should prove of interest to ethnologists. 
The inspoi ts and exports increase year by year, and 
in 1898 amounted to £581,013 for imports and 
£212,339 for exports. Cotton goods amount to 
nearly halt the imports, foodstuffs and other pro- 
visu)ns coming ne.xt in importance ; while the 
main exports are ivory, rubber, copra, coijal, 
sesame, and colfee. The export of ivory, however, 
appears to be decreasing, as Congo ivory now 
goes by the West Coast, wliile that from Uganda 
is exported by Mombasa. Zanzibar has a prepon- 
derating share in both the import and export 
trade. On the whole, Mr. Duudas says that the 
general impie«s;on left on the traveller in the 
region is that the German Government has thrown 
its heart into the thorough development of East 
Africa. " No stone has been left unturned, no 
opportunity nussed, to maketliemost of everythinc; 
to be found in the territory, which undoubteiliy 
possesses many natural and rich resources. The 
Government loses no time ni ascertaining the na- 
tural wealth of the coua:ry, an(i no money is 
spared in ■ making experiments. The planter and 
farmer are not behindhand in their endeavours, 
and are content to spend their money freely in 
hopes of getting a large return later on. Some 
have obtained very reasonable results. The Bri- 
tish trader does not appear to have thought it 
worth his while to try his fortune iti this the 
largest of German colonies. The cause is probably 
not far to seek. He no doubt would not be satis- 
lied to have small resnlfcs at first, and therefore 
seeks out some other jjlace. He also expects to 
have everything his own way. His prospectuses, 
price lists, inquiiies must all be in his mother 
tongue, regardless of the fact that those to whom 
he sends them .are foreigners, and perhaps not 
conversant with the English language. The largest 
foreign community is, of course, the Indian. They 
appear to be in a nourishing state, although com- 
plaints are nrtde as resarils taxation. This grie- 
vance is in reality quite unfounded. Zanzbarand 
Mombasa, hoih so close ac baud, spoil ti e Indian 
and native as regards taxation. They f.di to un- 
derstand the difference which must necessarily 
prevail here regarding taxation, and they cannot 
discriminate between r.ites and taxe". The East 
Indian traders must b^ar in mind that, thouf^h 
somewhat more heavily taxed than in India, th'-'y 
. make more than in India. Moreover, the want of 
knowledge of the German language and Govern- 
