Nov. 1, 1900.] THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
307 
from the red barks was As. 5 per lb. higher than in 
the preceding year. The explanation is that a much 
smaller quantity of red bark was worked up during the 
year, and the cost of the labour was proportionately 
higher. The crown and hybrid barks averaged 319 
percent. sulphateofquinineaudl-11 percent, febrifuge 
against .3-37 per cent, sulphate of quinine and 101 per 
cent, febrifuge in the preceding year and the red barka 
averaged 4-19 per cent, febrifuge against 3'91 per cent, 
the year bafore. The percentage of total alkaloids 
trom all the barks workeJ up was 4'299 per cent, 
agaiost 4-257 in 1893-1899. 
" The total cost of the alkaloids from the quinine barka 
including p:ickiug and distribution was Rl,29,390- 
3.9orR9-6 9 per lb., but as the febrifuge from the 
crown backs is a bye-product in the mauufacture of 
quinine, it m ly be considered that the 10,188 lb. of 
quinine cost Rl,29,390-3 9 or R12-11-2 per lb. and the 
4,615 lb. of febrifuge from the crowns and red barka 
cost Rll, 493-8-7 or R2.7-10 per lb. These valuations 
have been adopted iu the stock statement (No. 11). 
The following table gives the outturn of quinine and 
febrifnge since the commencement of manufacture at 
Nedivattam ; — 
Outturn of alkaloids. 
'a 
m 
P3 
LB. 
8,600 
J3 
LR. 
591 
3,978 
7,599 
8,072 
7,775 
6,526 
5,884 
LB. LB. LB. 
1889 90.. 6,650 8,600 15,250 234 357 
1890- 91... 96,200 .. 96,200 2,928 1,050 
1891- 92... 122,500 22,000 144,500 4,425 3,174 
1892- 93.. 157,771 13,946 171,717 4,933 3,139 
1893 94.. 52,600 122.400 175,000 2,000 5,775 
1894-95.. 152,800 43.800 196.600 4,770 l,75t3 
lf<95-f)6.. 136,000 97,80'J 233,8u0 3,1)00 2,284 
1896 97.. 237,000 1,100 238,100 7.891 3,350 11,241 
1897- 98... 125,934 114,650 240,584 5,092 6,389 ll,48i 
1898- 99.. 373,967 »7,750 461,717 12,603 7,238 19,84i 
1899- 1900 318,881 25,431 344,312 10,183 4,615 14,80 j 
Quinine. — .It the close of last year the stock on hand 
was 11,591§ lb. and during the year under review 
10,188 lb. were manufactured, making a total of 21, 7794 
lb. The issues during the year amounted to 7,378| 
lb. and there remained a balance in store at the end 
of the year of 14,400 14-16 lb. The amount of quinine 
issued exceeded the total of any previous year, and the 
increase, as compared with last year, is due to the 
fact that, under the orders of the Government of India 
quinine ia supplied by this department to all pro- 
vinces, except Bengal Puujab and Assam. The 
number of hospitals and dispensaries supplied direct 
with quinine was 650 against 396 last year, and the 
number of 5-grain powders sent out was 1,127,785 
against, 1,018,632 in 1898-99. 
Febrifuge.— At. the close of last year the stock on 
hand was 11,2744 lb. The quantity manufactured during 
the year was 4,615, making a total of 15,889-8. The 
issues were 2,676^, leaving a balance iu store of 
13,21^ lb. 
Issues of Quinine and Febrifuge since 1889-90 
Quinine. 
LB. 
Febrifugf! 
LB. 
1889- 90 . 231 7 
1890- 91.. 1,356 200 
1891- 92.. 3,344 3,017 
1892- 93.. 3,204 2,603 
1893 94.. 2,536 3,513 
1894- 95.. 3,631 3,966 
1895- 96.. 5,644 2,666 
i89!v97.. 5,90SJ 3,709^ 
1897- 98.. 6,3;i6| 1,955| 
1898- 99.. 4,629J l,623i 
1899- 1900 7,378i 2,676J 
Miscellaneous. — (a) I.^sttes ef quinine 
Collectors. — During the year 400 packets of 
powders were issued to Collectors for aale, and the 
amount realized by the sale of powders by Revenue 
officials was R764-i2-0 
fb) Sale of quinine at Post offices. — It was noted in 
the last Administration report that, owing to the rais- 
ing of the price of the powders from 2 piea to 3 pies, 
there had been a falling off in the sales at post 
offices. During the year under review, however, the 
number of packets sold was 5,501 and the number 
sent out as permanent advances was 936"44. The 
corresponding figures for 1898'99 were 4,766' 14 and 
279'48 and it is expected that the return to the 
original price of 2 pies per 5-grain powder during 1900- 
1901 will result in a further increase in the sales. 
A special report on this subject and on the sales by 
Revenue officials will be submitted to Government on 
the Ist September. 
(c) Deputation of the Director to Java. — In accordance 
with G.O., No, 1394, Revenue, dated 17th April 1899 
the Director visited Java in M.a.y 1899 and and on hia 
return journey paid a visit to the Bengal Government 
Cinchona Plantations near Darjeeling. A special 
report on Cinchona in Java was submitted to Govern- 
ment and was reviewed in G.O., No. 608, Revenue, of 
the 8th September. Tha success which haa been 
obtained by the Java Cinchona planters was shown to 
be due to the care taken to grow the richest possible 
bark. The climatic conditions in Java are undoubtedly 
more favourable than in India ; but, on the other hand, 
the Dutch planter is more heavily taxed than the 
planter in this country. If the principal of selection 
based on analysis is followed, and if cinchona are 
grown on suitable soil, and well cultivated, athe 
cinchona industry in Southern India might be 
revived with a very good prospect of success. 
(d) Subordinate Staff . — Messrs. H. V. Ryan and £. 
Collins, the Superintendents of the Dodabetta and 
Nadivattam estates and i^Ir. D. Campbell, the Manager, 
of the Head office, have done very good work daring 
the year. The work of the office haa been largely 
increased, owin^ to quinine being supplied to other 
provinces including Native States, and as there haa 
been no increase in the establishment, the work hai 
at times been very heavy. 
(Signed) W M. STANDEN, 
Director, 
Totq,]. 
241 
1,556 
6,861 
5,812 
6,049 
7,587 
8,310 
9,f)l7J 
8,292 
6,253| 
10,054| 
packets to 
102 5-grain 
Statement showing the Receipts and Expeuditaro 
of the Government Cinchona Plantations, 
Nilgiris, for 1899-1900, 
Receipts, 
Classification. Budget Received Actuals up to (ha 
estimate, estimate, end of the year. 
Sale of 7,2771 lb. 
Sale of 2,778 lb. 
febrifnge 
Sale of 54oi lb. 
cinchona bark 
Sale of 12,10.l61b. 
seed 
S ile of 1711b. 
jalap 
Miscellaneous,. 
RS. 
RS. 
ES. 
A. 
p. 
68,000 
98,000 
1,26,104 
14 
6 
30,000 
20,000 
27,868 
0 
0 
450 
450 
185 
15 
3 
50 
8 
0 
550 
171 
0 
0 
1,000 
1,650 
2,090 
12 
1 
Total. 
1,00,000 1,20,000 1,56,471 1 IQ 
TANNING IN INDIA, 
The Indian Mechanic says : At the present tints 
tanning might almost be said to rank among the 
decadent industries of India, although it is bat a 
few years since the prosperity of Indian tanneri 
became quasi-proverbial. The enormous export trade 
in tanned skins and hides that was done by Madras 
a few years ago, was a trade that yielded large 
profits. Now, however, not only are profits reduced 
