■428 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 
[Dec. 1 1900. 
ANALYSIS OF OATTLLE MANUSE, DEIED AT 
212° F. : PROPORTION OF LB. NITROfiEN, 
PHOSPHOEIG ACID AND POTASH PEE 
TON MANURE. 
Manure. 
-as 
Analyst. 
lb. 
lb. 
(A) San-diied lb, 
Indian Cattle 
Manure 13-0-1 35-49 15-21 Mr. Hughes 
(C) Ceylon Cattle 
Manure No. 1 28 70 51-66 108-56 Mr. Cocbran 
(D) Ceylon Cattle 
Manure No. 2 7-96 56-59 94-62 Do 
<E) Ceylon Cattle 
Manure No. 3 (^'43 31-90 24-44 Do 
(G) Oey Ion Cattle 
Manure from 
Dpcountry 15-79 15-15 18-09 Dr. Koller 
Now the comparison of these analyses shows a re- 
markable difference between the varioub manures. 
It is most marked in the percentage of potash and 
nitrogen, due no doubt to a large amount of urine 
in samples 0. and D. 
As regards the percentage of nitrogen in cattle 
manure, this partly depends on the age and food 
of the cattle, but to a great extent on the loss 
of nitrogen which has escaped into the air in the 
shape of ammonia. This loss in nitrogeon which 
we estimfite at 9-^ lb. nitrogen per ton manure 
eqaal to 40J lb. sulphate of ammonia, can be 
easily prevented hy the use of an ammonia-fixer. 
But even then one ton cattle manure per acre 
■would be insufficient to maintain so much as a 
small crop. Unless several tons are applied per acre, 
the soil will be more and more impoverished by 
each successive yield. To strengthsn the plant.s and 
thus produce a larger yield, artificial manures should 
ba used. The amount of plant food in cattle 
manure varies so much that planters can never know 
what they are buying in cattle manure, while arti- 
ficial manure has the advantage that it can be 
purchased on guaranteed aoalysis. However, it cattle 
manure can be procured at a low rate, it can be 
applied along with artificial manure. We take 
Ihe value of one ton cattle manure to be as follows: — 
7i lb. Nitrogen, equal to 36 J lb. Sul- 
phate of Ammonia .. .. K4-00 
7| lb. Phosphoric Acid, equal to 17i lb. 
Cone. Superphosphate . , . . Sl-42 
9 2 lb. Potash equal to 18J lb. Muriate 
of Potash 50 to 52 per cent potash ... Iil'24 
E6-6G 
If an Ammonia Fixer has been used about 8 to 
9i lb. nitrogean equal to 39 to 46 lb. sulphate 
of ammonia should be added Vi'hich have a value of 
R4-26 to R5. The total value would be Rll-66 out- 
side and we doubt whether at this figure cattle 
manure can be procured in Ceylon. 
FREUDENBERG & Co., 
Hultsdorf Mills, Manure Works. 
THE TONGAN BEAN; A USEFUL 
VEGETABLE. 
Gampoln, Nov. 5. 
Sir —I desire with yonr perniif sion to brinfi to 
tlie notice ot the public tlie nierit.s of "The 
Wonderful Tongan Bean " introduced into Ceylon 
by our enterprising florist tmd seedsman, Mr. E 
ypearnian Huglies of Kandy, Tlie Tongan Bean 
if) a native of Tonga, and it admirably suits our 
climate and .soil, and its cultivation oti a large 
scale will proiitabiy ])ay. It is a hardy ever- 
green perennial climber producing imiiiorifec quan- 
tities of large flat beans of an excellent and 
nutritious quality, sim^jly ased like our French 
Beans. In a moderately warm climate and good 
soil, I estimate that a" few plants of this lean 
will supply a whole family with its delicious, 
wholesome, and nutritious vegetable for about 
eight to nine months in the year It is also a 
lovely ornamental plant ; I have many trained 
on bowers and trellis fences surrounding my bun- 
galow. The beans are very delicious when picked 
very young, and boiled whole. The seed.j are 
slow to germinate, so I have carried out Mr. 
Hughes' instructions in soaking them ii. hot water 
before jilanting. and have met >vith remarkable 
success in rai.sing heavy crops. I can coiifidentiv 
recommend them to anyone requiring beans of a 
special quality for their gardens. 
I have also some plant.'; of tlie velvet or magnet 
beans just now, and will be able to give the 
public some details of its merits in my next.— I 
am, sir, yours faithfully, H G.L 
HEAVIEST YIELD OF TEA. 
18tli Oct. 
De.vr Sir,— Can you, or any of your 
readers, give the highest yield ever given by 
tea, (Ceylon or India.) 
1. By an estate of 300 acres or upwards ? 
2. By a field of 28 acres or upwards ? 
Yours truly, 
" BY DAND." 
[Surely, Mariawatte, Gampola, ans«e'S the 
description? See figures in our " Handbook 
and Directory" where it will be found that the 
100=acre field has yielded an average of 
1,137 lb made tea for 14 years ; while over the 
whole estate or 450 acres about 930 lb, have 
been made per aci-e.— Ed. T A ] 
CINCHONA PLANTERS AND QUININE 
MANUFACTURERS : 
PROSPECTS OF BARK AND A WORD 
OF WARNING. 
Sir,— It is now some years since I nredicted 
that the Quinine Manufacturers would kill the 
goose that laid their golden -eggs. 
The advice was not taken to hear, the conti- 
nuance of large profits was insisted upon 
necessitating a further depression of the unit 
and the consequence was that the goose died 
When its actual decease took place, it is diffi- 
cult to state ; but there is ample evidence that 
the manufacturers have at last realised that the 
dear thing is dead, dead as a door-niil. 
lurnma- from metaphor to fact, nobody will 
deny in the face of the unit at present ruling 
that consumption of quinine has over-taken pro- 
duction. Nor is there any doubt that it will do 
so to a far larger extent during the next five 
or SIX years, for that at the least is the period 
necessary to bring matters to a state of fair 
balance again. The reason for this is evident • 
it takes five to six 3'ears under the most favour- 
able circurnstances to grow cinchona fit to bark, 
borne of the quinine manufacturers may see fit 
to doubt this statement of supply and demand 
and no doubt think that as in the good old davs 
they need only raise the unit for a time "to 
induce large harvesting and shipment, and there- 
upon will be able to knock it down again and 
secure the large profits, incidental to this oftea- 
