March 1, 1901.] Supplement to the " Trr.pical AgricnUimsl.'' 
653 
Proteids, Lactose and Mineral matter in Eiiglisli 
cows' milk has been found to be approximately 
lis 9 : 10 : 2. It is of interest then to consirter in 
liow far those relationships hold good for Indian 
Cow's milk. 
Id the case of tlie Poona cows' milk, the specific 
gravity was not determined, but this was done 
for the milk at Saidapet. The results are set out 
in the lower part of Statement No. III., from 
which it will be seen that the relation between 
the Solids-not-fat, the F;it and the Specific gravity 
is the same as it is in the milk of English cows, 
the variation between the proportion found by 
analysis and, that calculated by Eichmond's formula 
lying witiiin the error of experiment. Similarly, 
_ in the lower part of statement No. II. is set out 
the proportion of Solids-not-P'at found and cal- 
culated for those buffalo milks in which the 
specific gravity was determined at Poona, and 
here also the relationship holds good and is the 
same as for English and Indian cow.s' milk. 
Regarding the relation between the proportions 
of Proteids, Lactose, and xMineral matter, State- 
ment Nc. IV. exhibits it for two samples of the 
average milk of the Poona cows, for three samples 
of the average cows' milk at Saidnpet, and for the 
average buffalo milk at Poona. 
Statement No. IV. 
Pro- Lac- Mineral 
teids. tose. matter. 
Cows' milk, Poona, aver- 
age, 6th February, 1899 9-20 12-86 1-94 
Cows' milk, Poonn, aver- 
age, 28th February, 
1899 ... ... 9-25 12-72 2 '03 
Cows' milk, Saidapet, aver- 
age, 29th Maich, 1900... 8-66 12-25 2-09 
Cows' milk, Saidapet, aver- 
age, 4th April, 1900 ... 8-71 13-25 2-04 
Cows" milk, Saida})et, aver- 
age, 7th April, 1900 ... 8-74 13-31 1-95 
Buffaloes' ^ milk, Poonn, 
average, 6th March, 1899 10-78 11-33 1-89 
From these figures it is evident that in this 
respect also, the milk of the Indian cow cor- 
responds to that of the English one, and that the 
proportions of Proteids, Lactose and Minei-al matter 
is approximately a.s9:13:2. In the case of the 
buffalo milk the relationship is different, that 
of Proteids being distinctly higher, that of Lactose 
lower than in cow's milk. 
Generally, it may be said that :—{a) The milk of 
the Indian cow containsa high proportion of butter- 
fat, varying from 4 up to 6 per cent, Buffaloes' 
milk contains usually much more, varying from 
5 or 6 per cent up to as much as 10 per cent. 
(6) The percentage of Proteids (Albumen and 
Casein) usually varies in cows' milk from 31 up 
to 3-5 ; in buffaloes' milk from 3'5 up to 4-3. The 
buffalo, Nevasi, was e.xcej. tional. Such pro- 
portions as 6-0 and 5'2 per cent of Proteids as 
stated in the Madras publication referred to, are 
never found ; (c) The percentage of milk sugar 
(Lacto.«e)j in the cow's milk varies from 4-4 to 
5'0, and in buffaloes' milk it is present in about the 
same proportion. It is never so low as is stated 
in the Madras publication ; {d) The percentage of 
Mineral matter in the cow's and buffaloe's milk 
varies from about 7 to 8 as it does in English 
milk. 
OEIGIN OF THE SEEDLESS ORANGE; 
The first .'^eedless orange-trees were apparently 
frenks of nature, Their counterp.art.s hnve never 
been found. In the summer of 1872 William F. 
Judson, Dnited States Consul at B;ihin, Brazil, 
heard an account from natives of a few trees in 
the swamps on the north bank of the Amazon, 
some si.^iy miles inland, that bore orange.^^ with- 
out seeds. He had heard of the starting of orange 
groves in Florida, and he believed that seedless 
ornnge-trees were wull worth experimenting with 
there. So he sent a native up the river to cut 
.=ome shoots of the tre°s and get some of the fruit. 
When the native returned the Consul was delighted 
with the specimen.-!. Forthwith he .sent six of the 
orange-tree shoots, cirefuUy packi-d in wet moss 
and clny, to the Agricultural Department at 
Washington for propagation. The trees did not 
excite as much attention in the Department as 
tlie enthusiastic Consul had expected. Two of the 
shoots, which were no bigger than horse-whips 
died from lack of care in the Department grounds, 
and the others were almo.st forgotten in a few 
months. - ^|„,i,,r,; 
In the winter of 1873, Mrs. Horatio Tibbett.«, 
who was collecting specimens of imits and shrubs 
suitable for experimental propagation in southern 
California, among other things got from the 
Department grounds the four surviving orange- 
tree shoots from Brazil. The trees reached Mr. 
Tibbets safely at Riverdale, Cal., a week later and 
were immediately planted. That was in December 
1873. T wo of the shoots died from neglect and 
another was broken and chewed up by a cow. 
Five years passed and the two surviving tree.s came 
into bearing. In the winter of 1878-9 they bore 
sixteen oranges, the first se?dless oranges ever 
grown in North America. The specimens were 
carried about .southern California, and shown to all 
ranchmen and fruit-growers. There were many who 
doubted whether the trees would annually bear such 
royal specimens of orange culture. Nearly every- 
one believed that the fruit would become coarse 
and tough in a few years more. So the second 
crop was awaited with curiosity among the 
neighbour.'). There were about a box of oranges 
in the second yield, and they were even better 
than those of the first crop. 
The planting of groves of seedless orange trees 
propagated from buds from the two originul trees 
on the Tibbetts' place began in earnest throughout 
southern California in the winter of 1882. 
A year or two after the orange trees that had 
been propagated from the Tibbetts' trees began to 
bear, and they themselves furnished tens of thou- 
sands of navel buds as good as those from the two 
original trees. Then the first navel oranae groves 
began to bear fruit, and from that time the boom in 
naval orange groves has continued- — New York 
