68^ 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [April 1, 1901. 
specimens will have to be carefully classified, ami 
in the end the Korean Government may publish 
the results of my work with ali the pictures of 
flowers, etc. Nobody is ^oing out with me. I shall 
have no assistance, and very little kit is necessary." 
And Miss Taylor is delighted wiih the project of 
her two years' sojourn among the Koreans. — Daily 
Mail. Feb. 1,3. 
CINCHONA BARK SHIPMENTS. 
.According to our cable advices the total quan- 
tity of cinchona bark shipped from Java to 
Europe during January 1901 was 500,000 kilos, 
as compared with 550,000 kilos, during De- 
cember 1900, and 307,000 kilos, during January 
1900. In the following table we give figures show- 
ing the quantity of bark shipped during each 
month since January 1, 1899 : — 
1899 1900 1901 
Kilos. Kilos. Kilos. 
January 255,000 307,000 600,0UU 
February 465,000 320,000 — 
March 488,500 325,000 — 
April 498,500 265,800 — 
May 476,500 40^,000 — 
June 566,450 483,000 — 
July 470,000 314,500 — 
August 601,200 488,500 — 
September 616,000 683,000 — 
October 479,000 550,000 — 
November 681,000 745,000 — 
December 313,000 550,000 — 
5,910,150 5,389,000 
[Equal to 13,002,330 lb. in 1899 and 12,856,000 lb. 
in 1900.— Ed, CO-] 
During the first half of last month the ship- 
ments amounted to about 300,000 kilos, and in 
some quarters it was expected that the total 
shipments for the whole month would again be 
large and on a par with those during the last 
five months of 1900. It is true that the ship- 
meuts were l.irger as compared with the first 
halt of 1900, but, from the fact that since 
November there has been a slight falling off each 
month, those who have been of the opinion that 
all available supplies in Java were rushed for- 
ward to take advantage of the high prices which 
prevailed during the last part of last year, derive 
some encouragement. Bark shipments, as we have 
said many limes before, are always uncertain, but 
the opinion is now very general that shipments 
will show a further falling off during February 
and also during March, unless there is a substan- 
tial advance at the coming Amsterdam bark auction 
on the 21st Feb. — New York Drug Reporter. 
THE CAUSE OF YELLOW FEVER 
The Liverpool School of Ti'opical Diseases has 
received a report from the late Dr Myers and Dr 
Murliam, members of the commission appointed to 
investigate yellow fever in tropical climates. They 
say tl'.at there are in all cases of yellow fever 
minute bacilli, and they state that they are of 
0|)iiiion that this is the cause of the disease. They 
consider that yellow fever is not due to an animal 
parasite like malaria, nor do they consider that the 
mosquito plays any very important part in the 
trauhference of yellow fever from person to person. 
■—Daily Mail, Feb. 18. 
IVORY CARVING IN THE PUNJAB. 
As th& machinery of the administration in India 
becomes more intricate, the District Officer has less 
time than of old to Etndy the habits, customs and 
occupations of the people. It is all the more note- 
worthy, therefore, to find a young Assistant Com- 
missioner in the Ponjab turning aside from the 
daily routine to trace the develapment of one of the 
most interesting of the art industries of the country. 
Whatever be its limitations and imperfections, the 
monograph on ivory carving in the Punjab, which 
Mr. T P Ellis has just published, is an effort on which 
the author and the service to which he belongs may 
be congratulated. Generally speaking, the art of ivory 
carving in the Punjab is much as it was described 
by Mr. Lockwood Kipling some twenty years a°o : it 
is not an art that flourishes. '• At Amritsar great 
quantities of combs are made, an industry which 
probably originated with the Sikhs, who are Nazarenes 
in the treatment of their hair and beard. The ivory 
combs, paper-cutters and card-casea ot Amritsar are 
ornamented with geometrical open-work patterns of 
some delicacy of execution, but no great interest in 
design. Figure-work is but seldom wrought in the 
Province owing to the predominance of Mussalman 
notions, and the only lignre-carver at Delhi, Fakir 
Chand, does not appear to meet with much encourage- 
ment." Since then, however, says Mr. Ellis, ivory 
carving in Delhi has improved, and inlaying in 
Hoshiarpur, but in both Patiaia and Amritsar 
the industry has fallen upon evil days. The 
ivory used in India is drawn from three sources : Africa 
Burma and India itself, and the indigenous article is 
everywhere at a discount owing to its inferiority of 
quality, due, according to experts, to the food of the 
animals, but also to inferiority of breed, climate and 
surroundings. Except in a few instances, the ivory 
industry is confined to the large towns ; purchasers 
being mostly Europeans, work is necessarily con- 
ducted near some centre frequented by them. Ivory 
carving proper may be said to be confined to Delhi, 
Amritsar and the Patiala State capital. In the 
former city, Lala Fakir Chand of the Dariba (already 
referred to) practically monopolises the trade, and, in 
fact, no one in the Province can compete with him. 
Bangle-turning, though general throughout the Pro- 
vince, has its chief centres at Amritsar, Dera Ghazi 
Khan, Gujranwala, Mooltan and Lahore Districts. 
The great centre of the inlaid work industry is 
Hoshiarpur, the work of Basi Ghulam Hussan being 
famous not only in India but throughout Europe and 
America. 
rVOBY CAEVINO IN DELHI 
is almost exclusively a hereditary occupation, the system 
of training being long and arduous, tending to limit the 
acquisition of the art to families. Thus the family of 
Fakir Chand has carried on this work for four genera- 
tions. The training of the would-be artist begins 
usually when the boy is about ten or twelve. A good 
deal depends upon individual aptitude, but even 
with the advantages of hereditary instinct, applica- 
tion, and natural gifts, a period of from twenty to 
twenty-five years of careful training is required 
before a workman can be trusted and is considered 
proficient in all the branches of the art. The master- 
craftsman employs his carvers at fixed wages, varying 
according to the capabilities of the man, supplies 
him with material, sets his task, he himself taking 
the risk of sale, destruction of material, and the 
long period of waiting before a return is made for 
the outlay. Everything is done under the supervision 
of the head worker, and no one is allowed to take work 
home with him, as is common enough in the case of 
other handicrafts. In Lala Fakir Chand's factory the 
workers congregate in a small K)om along with wood 
carvers and miniature painters ; some sitting on bal- 
conies or on the stairs, and others at the open doors and 
lattices to obtain sufficient lipht to work by, and, sur- 
rounded by their various implements ; the whole scene 
forms 
