April 1, 1901. j Supplement to the '^Tropical Agriculturist." 
733 
Hesults in Field Inoculations. — The inoculation 
carried out by the serum manufactured at this 
Laboratory inBareilly, Alighar, Bulandshahr, and 
Dehra districts gave eminently snccosstul results, ' 
and Mr, Holmes, iu his report from Madras, states : 
" Out of 339 bullocks inoculated, nine died, but 
these deaths were attributed to old age a^id debili- 
tated cotiditions and to the fact that the animals 
were suffering from rinderpest previous to inocula- 
tion. I do not consider that any of the deaths 
occurred as a direct result of inoculation. I think 
it is safe to say that, as a result of these inocula- 
tions, rinderpest was at once checked and a heavy 
loss averted among the cattle."' 
By referring to Table C. of the Assistant to the 
Inspector-General, Civil Veterinary Department's 
annual report for the year 1899-1900, we find that 
out of l,73p animals inoculated by the above 
method, only three died after inoculacion. 
Hill Cattle. — There is a great difference in the 
dose of serum required for the inoculatio)i of hill 
cattle as compared with that which is safe in 
plains animals. Notwithstanding that the serum 
simultaneous method by itself has not been found 
to be reliable in this particular breed, yet ou 
reinoculating these animals with from 1 to 10 c. c. 
of virulent blood during the seven or eight days 
following the injection by the simultaneous 
method, protection has been i3rought about and an 
active immunity conferred. 
Serum Aloyie. — The use of serum alone causes 
no reactionary fever, and it affords immediate full 
immunity and is very useful in the case of dairy 
animals and pregnant cows, where it is desirable 
that the milk supply should not be interfered 
with, and no cases of abortion take place. The 
temporary immunity given by injecting witli 
serum alone is sufficient to protect the animals 
throughout an outbreak. The experiments carried 
out at Mukhtesar proved that the animals injected 
witli 10, 20, 60, 100, and 150 c.c. per 600 lbs. 
body weight, were found immune on the 43rd, 
76th, 103rd, and 164th days respectively, after 
sernm injections, and in each case when tested by 
the introduction of virulent blood subcutaneously 
only a slight temperature reaction followed, 
clearly showing that the animals submitted to the 
above test were perfectly protected and would 
remain so for a much longer period than those 
stated above. 
Manufacture of Serum,- — During the year 1900, 
464,765 cc. of protective rinderpest serum were 
produced at Mukhtesar and 119,880 c.c. have 
been issued to the Veterinary Superintendents of 
differents Provinces in India. At the present 
time we have 83,673 ones tested and ready for 
despatch on receipt of a telegram, but in addition 
some 60,003 are already in stock and only need 
testing, a matter of two weeks' duration. The 
manufacture of rinderpest protective serum will 
be continued at the Imperial Bacteriological 
Laboratory, and a depot might be opened in the 
North-Western Provinces, as has been arranged 
for by Government for the supply of Bombay, 
Bengal, and other provinces, so that the serum 
saay be readily obtaiued when required, 
THE HONEY-BEE— ITS LIFE HISTORY. 
Some little attention has begun to be given 
to the domestication of the honey-bee in Ceylon 
and an account of its life-history — so full of 
romance — should prove of interest to our readers. 
We take the liberty of making use of a short but 
full account fVom the pen of Mi'. Helms in the 
Journal of the Agricultural Department of West- 
ern Australia for February, as more suitable to 
the pages of a little monthly than a longer account 
would be. Indeed, as the writer of the article 
remarks by way of preface, to become expert 
in the art of bee culture, it is necessary to 
become thoroughly acquainted with the life-history 
of the insect, as also with the special functions 
assigned to the organs of the structurally 
varying members of a bee-family. Without a clear 
conception of the phases of life and the inter- 
action of the differently-constructed individuals 
upon the whole community, a bee-keeper will for 
ever remain a mere dabbler, and will always be 
liable to bungling. 
1. The different onembers constituting a Colony. 
— A community of bees is variously termfed a 
colony, swarm, and frequently also stock or 
hive. The two latter terms apply more correctly 
to the artificial dwellings of the bee, but by 
conventional habit of speech it is understood to 
mean a large assemblage of the insects as well. 
A colony is iu reality a large family including 
many thousand members, most of which are sisters, 
and the offspring of the same mother. But 
periodically there are also male bees met with 
among them. This, however, generally only 
occurs in the early part of the summer, whea 
through increased vitality and impulse arises 
iti the family for a portion of it to migrate, which 
is commonly known as swarming fever. Such 
migratory instinct is much stimulated by a rapid 
increase, when, in order to avoid over-population, 
it becomes necessary for a number to leave the 
hive and seek a new home. At such time males 
are produced for the fertilisation of the future 
mothers, which are still unhatched when the old 
one leaves with the swarm. 
With the hone;y-bee three distinct physiologi- 
cally differentiatied creatures are necessary to 
propagate the race. Still, as with other animals, 
only two sexes occur. The vast number of bees 
seen constantly emerging from and entering the 
hive are neuters — ^an application objected to by 
many writers as not being strictly correct. Those 
so-called neuters are the working masses of the 
community, and are in reality females with aborted 
sexual organs. Through some extraordinary in- 
fluence acting upon the immature young, their 
sexual organs remain only partially developed, 
and in their place they become possessed of certain 
physical features not found in the true sexes. 
Although this abortion of the sexual organs 
has made it impossible for these bees to be them- 
selves reproductive, their maternal instinct is uo 
wise diminished, and is, in fact, developed to an 
extraordinary degree. Were it not for their 
devoted attention to the young, the community 
could not prosper. The three different bees are 
kuown as the queen, drone, and worker, ThQ 
