370 
Sv^pUment to the " Tropical AgriedturisV' [^m. 1, 1.903.: 
iiated bile, in all animals in the herd which 
give uo indication of being affected with the 
disease ; this will confer a lasting immunity suffi- 
cient for all practical purposes. 
Clean Herds. 
When it is decided to inoculate a clean herd 
which is in danger of becoming infected by reason 
of the proximity of the disease, I would recom- 
mend that all tile cattle in the herd be inoculated 
with not less than 20 c.c. of glycerinated bile, 
30 c.c. of strong serum, or 200 c.c. of defibrinated 
immune blood.. The strength and endurance of 
the immunity conferred by these inoculating 
materials is proportionate to the amount injected, 
hence, if the disease is prevalent in the neiglibour- 
hood, larger doses may be used, or an in jection of 
fresh, pure bile may be given ten to fifteen days 
later. This will confer a lasting immunity on the 
cattle, and obviate the loss arising from the inocu- 
iatioB, or risk of introducing the disease. 
GENERAL ITEMS. 
To accustom a weak-mouthed horse to a bit, or 
in other words, to harden its mouth, the Cape 
Agricultural Journal says a rubber-covered snaffle 
is the best. If the horse is young and only just 
broken, it is recommended that a mouthing bit be 
used every day till he gets used to the feel of it, 
and if he is to be driven a rubber-covered bit should 
be used. 
Nutrient qualities of fiuit vary considerably 
with tlie nature of the fruit ; such as banana, 
tig, date, and grape ranking very highly : 
one pound of bananas is said to contain as much 
nourishment as half a pound of meat, and in their 
own iadigenous country, Uganda, they are con- 
verted iiito jam, champagne, beer, vinegar, and 
brandy. Tlie date also contains a large percentage 
of nutrient material, and the native of the country 
to which it is indigenous not only feeds himself on 
it, but gives it to his horse and camel. Figs also 
are most wholesome and nutritious — grapes espe- 
cially so. Apples are good for liver, brain, and 
throat complaints ; oranges are nourisning, and 
have a slight tonic influence on the liver, while the 
lemon is a popular remedy for rheumatism, and 
has no equal iu the treatment of skin diseases — it 
is not only curative but preventive in the latter. 
The constituents of fruits are sugar, acids (either 
citric, phosphoric, malic, or tartaric), distilled 
water, and a small percentage of fat and albumen. 
Important among the uses of fruits may be noted 
their diuretic and laxative effect, and the influence 
they exert upon the disease germs which may be in 
the system. 
The proper distance to plant mango trees, says 
the Queensland Agricultural Journal, is 35 feet 
each way ; oranges and lemons 30 feet. Any small 
crops may be planted between the trees for the 
first few seasons, provided deep cultivation and 
manuring are followed. This will keep your 
orchard on the " improve " all the while. 
The same paper refers to two icethods of curing 
chillies: — (1.) When the chillies are ripening, go 
over the field once a week, picking all the ripe 
ones. Leave, a long stem on the pod. Expose 
the pods to the sun for a day or two to toughen'the 
skins and stems. Then with a long, slim needle 
string them through the stem on strong twine 8 
or 9 feet long. When the twine is full, hang it 
up in a dry cool shed where there is plenty of 
ventilation. Be careful not to string any poor or 
damaged pods. When dry, store them in a dry 
cool room, hanging them on poles or nails. (2.) 
Another, and a good plan, if the chillies are 
to be exported, is one which we know by experience 
to be good, as we have kept them for 12 months 
without their changing colour or strength. Make a 
fairly strong brine. Fill a stone jar or a keg with 
the chillies, and pour the cold brine over them, 
filling the vessel to the top. Bung down closely. 
In 2 or 3 months, or even after a longer interval, 
cither strain the brine or make fresh, carefully 
washing out the vessel. They will keep fresh far a 
long period. 
