Dec. 1, 1902.] 
Supplement to the *' Tropical AgricuUm'istJ' 
487 
have found for this disease after trying several 
remedies. 
Treatmetit.— First get the cow made comfor- 
table ill a good warm box or byre free from 
draughts, and as the morbid condition of the 
nervous system may be brought about by cold 
winds, wet, or draught, it is necessary to do this 
most needful part of the treatment. Then if 
the bowels are correct 1 give no laxative, but 
prescribe from 5iss, to §»'■ ext. belladonna every 
three hours as long as necessary ; bleeding may be 
resorted to if the foregoing treatment fails, but 
this is not usually the case. If kidneys don't 
act promptly and sufficiently I prescribe 3ii. spt. 
ether nit. in a little cold water, or along with the 
ext. belladonna ; give about two quarts of linseed 
tea every few hours if the animal will have it, and 
this is usually all that is necessary for the treat- 
ment. — Veterinary Journal, 
{To be continued.) 
«- « 
THE JACK (ARTOCARPUS INTEGRI- 
FOLIA). 
The acting Director of the Royal Botanic 
Gardens (Mr. J. B. Carruther=, f.l.s.), lately 
delivered a lecture entitled "The Story of the 
Jak Tree." The tree known in Sinhalese 
as Kos and in Tamil as Pila — was, however, 
taken to serve as a tropical specimen to illus- 
trate a lesson on plant life. The account we 
give below is on the other hand a very com- 
plete account of the Jak and its uses. It is 
taken from the Queensland Agricutvral Gazette 
and was written by the Manager of the State 
Nursery, Kamerunga, Cairns. As dealing with one 
of our commonest trees it should be of local 
interest, while our readers will find that there is 
something new in the article : — 
The Jackfruit (Artocarpus integrifolia. Linn,) 
is of the same family and the nearest known 
relative of the famous Breadfruit {A inesa). 
The name Artocarpus is derived from two Greek 
•words literally translated, viz., Artos, bread ; 
and Carpos, fruit, and its second name is purely 
botanical, integrifolia meaning entire leaved to 
distinguish it from A, incisa, the cut or incised 
leaved Breadfruit. 
The Jack fruit, being of a much darker green, 
and having very much smaller leaves, and often 
being quite a different shape and size, the simi- 
larity of the two trees will often not be com- 
monly apparent. 
There are several allied species, a? A. Lakoochia, 
A. Chaplaska, A. Hirsuta,* about which very little 
would seem to be known, and which do not 
appear to have an econcmic value proportionate 
to the two species mentioned. The Jack is a 
native of East India and the South Seas, in- 
habiting countries with a hot and moist climate, 
and is essentially a tropical tree. It will not 
generally thrive in a locality subject to strong 
winds, as it is somewhat brittle, and will not 
stand severe frost, though much hardier in this 
respect than the Breadfruit. 
•And in Ceylon A. nobilis which gives us a useful 
^ timber, and the seeds of which are roasted and eaten. — 
Lbi. am. 
It is an umbrageous or tliick foliaged tree 
and an evergreen. One tree exists in this 
Nursery which is thriving particularly well, 
having leadily adapted itself to the climatic 
conditions obtaining here. An illustration accom- 
panies this article. The tree shown is about 
ten years old, and 35 to 40 feeet in height ; it 
has been in bearing four years or so. During 
the last season it bore a heavy crop of fifty 
or sixty fruit, averaging in weight from 5 to 
10 or 12 lb. 
I have observed a few trees here and there 
in North Queensland, mostly in old gardeus 
where presumably it was grown more as a 
curiosity than for use ; in any case very little 
advantage would seem to be taken of its useful 
propertie;-'. Several varieties of the tree exist, 
and some were probably introduced into Queens- 
land at one time, though I have not yet met 
with more than one variety, which is by no 
means the best. The better varieties are known 
as the " Honey Jack " in India and Java, from 
the sweet syrup that is to be found within 
the pulp round the seed, and the "Root-bearing 
Jack," which produces its fruit entirely or 
partially 'underground. This latter is a specially 
fine fruit, and much valued in the Orient. 
Some writers seem to be of opinion that old 
trees of the ordinary or " Honey Jack " variety 
will bear fruit upon their roots in this way, 
but this is not authenticated. The root-cropping 
tree is generally considered a separate variety, 
and though I have seen, sown and cultivated 
thousands of these trees, have never yet seen 
an ordinary Jack that will do this from mere 
age. This root-bearing may, however, be brought 
about by artiflcal treatment occasionallly, which 
methods I will describe later. 
Another v'ariety of the species is the "Wild 
Jack," which is a much larger tree than the 
cultivated or sweet one. The fruit is smaller, 
and though sweet, not so pleasant ; the tree 
itself, however, is more spreading, contains more 
timber, and as a fodder tree is the more useful 
of the two. 
The fruit of the Jack tree is oval or oblong, 
is muricated on the rind, and of a bright green 
colour, turning slightly darker or duller when 
approaching ripeness, but never becoming quite 
yellow. When opened it is white insidj ; the 
inner pulp or edible parts are separately attached 
to the centre core, and surrounded by or packed in 
viscid fibres. Each piece of pulp is about the 
size of an egg plum, pale yellow in colour, and 
contains one seed. 
The tree, like the cocoa, bears its fruit upon the 
stem and thicker branches. The fruit has a some- 
what strong scent, which is intensified if allowed 
to become over-ripe. The smell is disliked by 
some, but on becoming accustomed to it or ou 
tasting the fruit, it ceases to be offensive or even 
noticeable. 
The tree is very prolific, and the fruit often 
attains tremendous size and weight — fruit of 
80 lb. have occasionally been met with. In 
Southern India 1 have obtained fifty to seventy 
fruit from one tree, and myself cut a specimen 
weighing 70 lb, 
