Sept. 1, 1899.] THE TEOPICaL 
AGRICULTURIST. 
i53 
him to draft it on an allied species with a view to 
its cultivation as an ornamental tree in more northern 
parts of France. Two methods were employed : one 
the cleft graft with moderate results only; and the 
graft by approach, or in arching, with much greater 
success. The stock being more susceptible to cold 
than the scion, the opperation was purposely made as 
near as possible to the root. The uion of the plants 
was practically perfect, and five or six dozen plants 
developed vigorously and with great promise. Some 
of them grew to a height of 6 feet during the first year, 
but during the next season they all began to fail, and 
at the end of the third year not one was alive. 
The operation of budding was not tried by M. Sahnt 
in these experiments, because he did not think it would 
succeed, and it is interesting to note that this method 
has been adopted with good results elsewhere. The 
Revue Ilorticole published in 189.'5 an account of work of 
this character conducted in Palestine by M. Justin 
Dugourd, who budded E. Globulus on E. resinifera. 
The former variety is one with spreading roots, and is 
less resistant to the influence of the wind, &c., than 
the latter, which was used as the stock, because it 
grows into a strong tree. It appears to be necessary 
for the complete success of this operation to support 
the scion in some suitable manner, so that the sap 
may the more readily reach it. As the stock increases 
in growth. It is also desirable to remove any shoots 
which it may produce, unless the operation is unsuc- 
cessfal, when the subject may then be allowed to grow. 
It should be mentioned that M. Sahut is of opinion 
that the E. Resinifera in question is the popular but 
incorrect name given by many French gardeners to a 
variety of E. rostrata, which is very generally fouud 
in the south of France, where it thrives best in the 
caFcareous soils, and is more resistant to drought than 
many other kinds. 
Considered in the light of past results in connection 
with other plants, M. Bahutis of opinion that the graft 
may be the means of greatly exteuding the cultivation 
of the Eucalyptus in Europe. He himself has proved 
that certain rare species of Pinus will not grow in a 
particular limestone district, except when grafted on 
P, halepeiisis, or P, nigra, or P. pinea. To quote 
M. Sahut verbally from his paper on the subject, in 
the Annales de la Societe d' Horticulture de I' 
HerauJt, the problem is as follows: "Given 
one or several species of Eucalyptus which de- 
velop vigorously in a certain soil, it is required to 
employ them as stocks whereon to graft species which 
will not themselves thrive threin." And he illustrates 
his proposition by the following evidence: Of the i; 0 
species of Eucalyptus experimentally grown at Lattes 
the larger proportiDu were killed by the cold.otheis 
Buccumbei to the heat, while yet others, afttr 
languishing for several years ultimately perislied not 
on account of the cold but because the nature of the 
soil was unsuitable and different from the mountain 
regions of Australia whence the trees originally came. 
As regards the 1 mit of cold enduarance of the 
Eucalyptus it may be added that, with a view to the 
cultivation of the tree in America, the United States 
Government made an inquiry on the Subject through 
its consular service in the year 1394, and the reports 
received from various parts of the world are of 
very great interest. The officer at Marseilles reported 
that, generally speaking, same species which have 
been thoroughly acclimatised in southern Europe are 
cap8,ble of resisting a temperature as low as 8'6*^ F., 
but successful cultivation of desirable sorts cannot 
be hoped for in localities where the winter maximum 
of cold exceeds '2l"2o to, IT'tio F. 
The report from Rome statec t h3 Eu'alyp!u?i s killed 
by the cold in Italy when the thermometer marks Vl^ 
F. below Freezing, The consnl at Madrid, writing in 
March, 1894, stated that E. Globulus and other allied 
specie-) had resisted the climate of Barcelona and 
Madrid, where the temperature is frequently as low as 
6o or 7o C. (20. 7o F.j, without any diminution in 
vigour or vitality. 
The consul at Zanzibar reported that an attempt 
had been made to cultivate the tree in his district but 
without success, owing to want of care or to the 
unsuitablity of the soil. 
Further evidence could be siven to show that the 
experimental cultivation of Gum-trees must be regu- 
lated by a consideration of various factors other than 
the temperature of the district. It may be added 
for instance, that in the Punjab, planting in groves 
gives a better chance of success than when the tree 
is planted singly along the roadsides, and that its 
general failure in that district is mainly attributable 
to three causes, viz, failure of the rains; injury to 
the young stems by sunburn; but principally to the 
white ants, which ilestroy the roots. 
It may be interesting in conclusion, to give the 
f llowiug information from a comparatively recent 
Spani.^h work on horticulture.* E. Globulus is th« 
favourite variety in Spain, where it thrives in humid 
soil, but not in humid aii- ; E. resinifera is found to 
resist the wind remarkably well, and to accommodate 
itself to every soil; E. urnigera is suited to the 
mountainous districts and to low temperatures; E, 
Guuni and E. ooriaceia are indifferent to cold; E. 
marginata is rather sensitive; E. amygdalina grows 
best in sandy soil, B. fissilis prospers in poor soil, 
E. odora'a thrives in dry soil. 
In Bois' Dictionnaire d' Horticultare, the following 
species are mentioned as extensively grown in Pro- 
vence, and to be as rustic as E. Globulus: — E. 
calophylla, E. cornuta, E. Gomphocephala, E. robusta; 
and E. Guuni, E. polyantheraa, and E. viminalis, 
which are also specially named as among the most 
hardy of the species. 
A large number of species have been experiment- 
ally planted in the Landes of the southwest of 
France with unsuccessful results; and in the region 
of Paris the tree is taken to the temperate-house 
as- early as the month of November. Hence, M. 
Ijouquet de la Grye defines the northern limit of the 
Eucalyptus in Europe to be the same as that of the 
Orange — a statement with which many growers do 
not agree, and which is not unlikely to be disproved 
by cultivation of the tree under the selective con- 
ditions to which allusion has here been made. Scion, 
EARLY ATTEMPTS TO CULTIVATE TEA 
IN ENGLAND. 
I send you the following extracts from a book on 
the History n£ Tea, in Old English, by John Coakby 
Lettsom, M.D., Lonlon, printed by J. Nichols for 
Charles Dilly. First edition 1 772 ; Mew edition, 1779. 
It is a very interesting book with nice illustra- 
tions. It seems some attempts were made to culti- 
vate the tea platit in gardens in England and in 
some colonies. The work also contains very valuable 
and curious infurmalion about the natu'al his- 
tory of tea, and the rise and progress of tea con- 
sumption not only in England, but throughout the 
continent of Europe, in the seventeenth and eigh- 
teenth centuries. Here are a few of the extracts: — 
" Within these three or four years we have been 
successful enough to introduce into this kingdom a 
few genuine tea plants. There was formerly, I am 
told a very large one in England, the property of 
an East Indian Captain, who kept it some year?, 
and refused to part with either cuttings or layers. 
This died and there was not another left in the 
kingdom. A large plant was not long since in the 
possession of the great Linnasus, but, i am informed, 
it is now dead. I know several gentlemen who have 
spared neither pains nor expense to procure this 
evergreen from China; but their best endeavours have, 
in general, proved unsuccessful, for, though many 
strong and good plants were shipped at Canton, and 
all possible care taken of them during the voyage, 
yet they soon grew sickly, and but one, till of late, 
survived the passage to England." 
''The largest tea plant in this kingdom is, I believe, 
at Kew ; it was presented to that royal luminary by 
* Xovisima Guia del Eortelano Jardinero y Arbolista^ 
