Nov. 1, 1899.] SuiipUmeyU to the '^Tropical AgricuUurisi." 
365 
Straining the cow's milking capacity to its ut- 
most trill develop the udder toward rendering as 
perfect service ns possible. 
The milking hours .should be reguhuly kept 
and the cows milked in a fixed succession — if 
possible by the same hands. If the milking starts 
too early the animals are not prepared for it ; if 
too late, they grow impatient, and may even suffer 
considerable" pain. In either case the animals are 
»ure to yield less milk than ordinarily. 
Any inconvenience suffered by the milch cow 
■will result in a loss of milk. 
Any unusual condition of the udders and teats 
calls for immediate attention. Soreness of any 
portion, sores of a peculiar character, and obstruc- 
tion of the milk ducts should be promptly treated. 
Cows with diseased udders are likely to be 
affected with some contagious sickness, and should 
therefore be placed apart from the remainder of 
the herd. Their milk cannot be gathered in the 
same buckets and pails as are used with the other 
cows until health is restored. 
Whenever a "hard milking" cow is found the 
narrowness of her milk canals may be obviated by 
rolling the teats between two hands. The passing 
of a straw into the milk canal is disastrous to the 
animal, and may cause infliimmution of the udder. 
On being milked after the first calf, many cows 
are very sensitive to the milker's touch. Nothing 
but patience and gentle treatment will avail in 
such cases. 
A dirty udder should be cleaned with warm 
water before milking and rubbed dry with a clean 
cloth. 
Inflamed udders have been successfully treated 
with water as hot as can be borne by the hand, and 
applied frequently."— t^e Agviculturcd Journal. 
AGKICULTUEAL EDUCATION, 
It has been the experience in all countries that 
Agricultural Educational establishments have 
serious difficulties to contend with at the 
outset. Practical agriculturists, and especially 
those who have been more or less successful 
cultivators, are always ready to serve at schools 
of agriculture: while the difficulty of securing 
a good attendance at classes, where no prospects of 
employment are held out to students, is another 
drawback. 
The Principal of the Poona College of Science 
in a letter to the Director of Public Instruction, 
Bombay, says regarding the agricultural classes : — 
I regret to have to report a very unsatisfactory 
state of affairs. While our new Engineering and 
Forest classes are so crowded this year, that I 
have some difficulty in providing room for them 
all, there is only one student in the new Agricul- 
tural class, viz., a man who has been sent from 
the Central Provinces with a scholarship of Rs, 20 
per mensem, and one extra or private student, a 
Parsee, in the Diploma class. In order to induce 
fresh men to join, I offered this year three scholar- 
ships of fifteen rupees, ten rupees, and six rupees, 
respectively, to men attending tlie junior Engi- 
neering clasf^^, if they would take up Agriculture 
instead ; but only one man applied for the ex- 
change, on the condition that he be given the first 
scholarship, so I did not accept the offer 
The reason for the failure of these classes is, 
without doubt, the definiteness of their future 
prospect. The L. C. E. graduates never fail to 
get fairly remunerative posts, and the Forest 
Kangers can look forward to success, seeing a 
number of past students already employed in the 
Forest Department. But there have not been 
many instances of similar success among the 
Agricultural diploraates up to date. He also 
suggests that Government should annually publish 
in March or April the number and nature of 
appointments which will be gauranteed to students 
who obtain the diploma in Agriculture, and that 
the scholarships be reduced in number and raised 
in value. 
A Government Resolution has been issued, 
stating : His Excellency tlse Governor in Council 
regrets that the Agricultural classes in the College 
of Science, Poona, are languishing for want of 
students. The state of things is the more deplor- 
able, as by Government Resolution, Revenue 
Department, No. 2178, dated the 26th March, 1898, 
it was directed that holders of the diploma in 
Agriculture granted by the Bombay University 
under the revised Eegulation shall rank with 
graduates of the University, and shall be allowed 
all the specij.1 privileges enjoyed by the latter in 
the matter of the admission to, and promotion in, 
the Revenue Department. Government under- 
stand that these advantages are not generally 
known. The Principal of the College of Science 
should, therefore, be requested to give as wide 
publicity as he can to such information as he 
considers likely to attract students to the Agri- 
cultural course. The proposed revision of the 
number and value of the scholarships attached tothe 
agricultural classes is approved, and the Director of 
Public Instruction should be requested to notify 
the change to all Head Masters of High Schools, 
and call their attention to the chances of employ- 
ment offered to men holding the diploma in 
Agriculture, The necessary action as regards 
suggestion (c) made by the Principal will be 
taken in the Revenue Department, which should 
be requested to forward a copy of the orders that 
may be issued to the Political Department for 
similar action as regards Native States in this 
Presidency. 
After reading of this state of things in India, we 
con.-ider the Colombo School of Agriculture has 
done well in keeping up its classes under the very 
trying circumstances in which it has been placed, 
with no incentives to students in the way of 
scholarships, no adequate funds for satisfactorily 
carrying on its work, and with the worst possible 
soil at its disposal for practical operations. And 
yertlie Ceylon Government has not yet thought 
fit to adopt the initiative set by the Indian 
Government and offer suitable employment to 
students who have had an agricultural training. 
NOTES ON EXHIBITS FOR PARIS. 
1. Edible Bieds' Nests. 
Among the Exhibits being collected for the 
Paris Exhibition are some about which many 
persons know little, particularly as regards the 
origin of certain products which may be familiar 
enough in the commercial form. It has therefor^ 
