384 
THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [Dec. 1, 1899. 
Tbe indigo was grown during the Bast-monsoon, 
and as mucli as possible ploughed under during the 
rainy season. For the salte of comparison, two fields 
were manured with 205 and 410 lb. of lime per acre 
respectively, while a fourth was left unfertilised. The 
yields were as follows : — 
From 1 Bouw=l-7 acre. From 1 acre. 
Green manuring... 58'4 picul 4,598 lb. 
4101b. lime ... 5G 0 „ 4,407 „ 
205 „ „ ... 52-8 „ 4,156 „ 
No Fertiliser ... 48-0 ,. 3,778 „ 
Field experiments on a more extensive scale 
been conducted in Italy, the results of which 
given in the following table : — 
have 
are 
> 
o 
Ph. 
tt5 Q) bD 
a> ^ ^ 
<D 
2^ a 
o o 
•'.JNi-Hc. i>.oa)0 
OT ia 
I ++ I + + + + 
o 
M 
u 
P4 
iz; 
?- 
be <1 
p g 
m 
o 2 
H (3 
o 
P5 
■ppii 
JO 9si3a.ionj 
JO eniTJA^ 
osBgaonj 
JO sni^A 
•sni'Bif) 
Jo'lSOQ 
•qs-Bnoa: 
JO efjTJi.TOX 
JO eiisaitijq; -< 
"Binorainv 
JO 5 
G^TSndpg 
- (ji O CO f-H r-< lO O 
3 ^ cT^ GO <r- Tf^ 
a:i o^i f— < 00 I— I ' 
Tii OD tD 
; ira C^) C3 rH CO 
* c-1 00 o do o 
Tti (N -:f> O l> 0^ 
O CM Ol <^ O >0 '-0 CD -H 
»Hi— I/— (t— IrHi— l(MCM(M 
"-DCOOiClCOOiOCN 
(M .-1 Ol (-0 M^ O 
JO -ojs[ 
O O ^ :o «D CO 
► »0 »0 . li^ lO If^ 
! CO CO . CO CO CO CO 
CD CO O CO CO 
. o io »o . ic ii:: 
. CO CO CO . CO CO 
■'NC0t!<i«CO1>00C5 
The highest yield was obtained where all three of 
the plant-food ingredients had been applied, and on 
these plots a very good after effect was produced 
in the second year. Phosphoiic aciii proved very 
beneficial, especially upon the yield of grain. 
Professor Poggi, llovigo, makes the following recom- 
mendations for the quantities of fertilisiug materials 
to be applied per acre : - 
For New For Exhausted 
Fields. Fields. 
Sulphate of ammonia .. 89-0 lb. 178 lb. 
Acidpho3phate(l(; per cent,) 222 o 350 „ 
Muriate of potash . ■ 4'l-5 „ ad ,, 
267 to 356 lb. plaster or slaked lime should be ap- 
plied to soils deficient in lime. In case of light soils 
the quantity of rnurats of potash applied per annum 
should not be less than 89 lb. 
However, too much potash should not be applied 
to water rice, as this ingredient produces a luxurious 
formation of straw at the expense of the yield of grain. 
American lice-planters always recommend large quan- 
tities of potash for upland rice, holding that this is ne- 
cessary to obtain a heavy vield of grain. 
Mr. C. K. McQuarrie, of be Funiak Springs, Florida, 
holds that the presence of empty husks of upland rice 
is due to a deficiency of potash. He makes the follow- 
ing suggestions in regard to the planting of upland rice 
on the rather light soils of Florida : — 
If a crop is going to be made on new land, it should 
be well ploughed during the previous winter, and har- 
rowed over and over again, until all the sod is broken 
up. At the last harrowing 400 lb. of kainit per acre 
should be scattered broadcast. When ready to begin 
planting, furrows should be run with a bull- tongue 
plough, about 3 feet apart. In these furrow s scatter 
about 3001b. fertiliser per acre, containing phosphoric 
acid and potash, not less than 8 per cent, of each. This 
fertiliser must be well mixed with the soil by dragging 
a chain in the furrow. The seed must be sown liber- 
ally, as at least 25 per cent, of the rice generally grown 
is nothing but empty husks. After the plants are up, 
treat the crop to a little top-dressing of nitrate of soda. 
If the crop is planted in March or beginning of April, 
we can always depend on getting a second crop from the 
fetubble of the first crop. This second crop is generally 
not so good as the first, but if fertilised when the first 
crop is cut it will repay us for our trouble. 
Bice must not follow itself on the same land, as it 
greatly impoverishes the soil, but if we want to 
continue it on the same land green manuring and a 
liberal application of potash are absolutely essential. 
The leguminous plant should be sown early in the 
spring, and can be ploughed under in time for the first 
planting. — Queensland AyricnlUiral Journal. 
WOOD-PULP. 
The utilization of the waste products of our Indian 
forest is a most important problem, but in many cases 
even 'where the uses such mateiial can be put to 
are known, there are serious difficullias to be over- 
come. In the case of wood-pulp, however, it is in« 
deed to be wondered at that no entei-prising capita- 
lists come forward to develop the industry in this 
country. 
In Europe the manufacture of wood-pulp has been 
going on steadily for many years, but so great is 
the demand for timber there, the manufactores are 
able to obtain only a comparatively small supply of 
the raw material required. The consequence is that 
although new uses of wood-pulp are discovered every 
day, the industry has not expanded very considerably. 
it is in America, both in the United States and 
Canada, that wood-pulp is creating a veritable re- 
volution in the mercantile and manufacturing world. 
So much so is this the case that " The Times " 
says : — 
" The extraordinary development of the single manu- 
facture of 'wood-pulp' which only a few years ago 
was practically unknown and is now used not only 
for making paper but for clothing and an immense 
diversity of other articles, is a sufficient indication 
of the practically limitless extension of the already 
widely 'varied use of timber.'" "Cotton," it is said 
on the other sido of the Atlantic '' was once called 
king ; but king Cotton is a lesser potentate than 
king TimbsL- must soon become." 
All the American pipers are full of accounts of 
the wonderful develop inent of the industry in that 
country, and of the constantly increasing uses to 
which wood-pulp is now put. It is in fact this in- 
dustry that has brought home at last to the people 
of America the urgency of making State reserves, 
protecting them from fire and managing them system- 
atically ; for, as long as lumber only was exported 
