The tropical agriculturist, [March 1, 1900. 
ttition, producing a hif^h degree of heat. On this 
aceoLint'it is very liable to lose more or less of its 
uitrofien in the form of ammonia. 
Sheep !Hk1 Goat niiuiure is quite dry, and ia com- 
monly the richest of farm-produced manures. Like 
horse naanure, it ui:dergoes fermentation easily aud 
IS eiasKed as ;i '■ ho^, " manure. It is similarly verj 
liable to lose auiuionia. 
l-'i;^ manure varies f,''<^''t!.v i" composition, bnt is 
f,'enerally rich as compared with otlier farm-pro- 
duced fertilizer materials, and contains considerable 
vifater. In dt composing;, it produces but little heat, 
and i-!, therefore, called a "cold" manure. 
Oovv manure contains, as a rule, less fertilizing 
mrtterials than any of the producinf< manures. It 
con ains a largo amount of water, and, in decom- 
posing, <^e;ierates liitle heat. 
Poultry manure contains a comparatively large 
amount of ail the dillerent forms of plant-food, beinj; 
especially rich in nightrogen and potash. It under- 
goes fermentation readily, and loses nitrogen unless 
properly treated with absorbents or preservatives. 
Generally speaking, manures produced from work- 
ins; or fattening animals contain 90 to '.1.5 per cent, 
of the fertilizing constituents contained in the food. 
In the case of animals which are neither increasing 
in weight, nor giving milk, the amount of fertilizing 
materials in the manure will bo nearly equal to that 
contained in the food eaten. The foregoing state- 
ments pre-suppose that all the dung and urine are 
saved, a supposition that is not often true, consider- 
ing the manner in which stable manure is commonly 
treated. 
Perhaps the elements of manures least understood 
is the humick matter, of which ordinary manures 
contain from 16 to 20 per cent. The litter used in 
bedding stock furnishes much of this, aud the quan- 
titv depends upon the nature of the material used. 
— Journal of the Jamaica ArjricultuM Society. 
MOCHA COFFEE. 
Tlie American Consul at Aden discusses, in a 
recent report, a statement which is frequently 
made; and which has been repeated quite recently, 
that no genuine JMocha coffee reaches the Euro- 
pean or American markets from the Arabian ports. 
The Consul says this statement is quite erroneous, 
for the books of his own Consulate at Aden, and 
•f the Consular Agency at Hodeida show that 
over 5,000,000lb of Mocha coflee were invoiced 
from these places to the United States last year, 
not to speak of the quantity sent to Europe. But 
it is said that, though nominally shipped from 
Arabian ports, it is really coffee grown elsewhere, 
and then shipped to Aden to be reshipped as Mocha. 
This suggestion is also erroneous, as appears from 
a letter from the British authorities at Aden on 
the subject. It is true that parcels of cofiee from 
Java, Singapore, and other places are landed in 
Aden, but, according to the official communication 
above mentioned, these parcels are bonded in the 
warehouses ot the owners at Maala, and the key 
lodged in the trade registration department. 
"When the owner desires to export, a peon of 
the department is sent with the key to count the 
bags and bring them to the wharf. As the mer- 
chant or owner can have no at^cess to his goods 
unless accompanied by the peon of the department 
the transfer of the inferior bean to Aden for mix- 
in" witii that of Mocha or Harrar is hardly 
possible." The consul adds that an examination 
of the Customs authorities' reports shows that 
foreign cotfeea are promptly re-exported to other 
ports, being landed at Aden for transhiimient only ; 
while the jjrecautious in Turkish Arabia to pre- 
vent mixing are equally stringent. No doubt 
Mocha coffee in mixed with inferior beang in 
Europe, and sold as genuine Mocha, but it is 
hardly possible that an importer buying in an 
Arabian port could get anything but genuine 
Mocha or Harrar coffee. — Chamber of Commerce 
Journal. 

BARK AND QLIMNE FLOURISHING. 
Even the snialle.st buyer of quinine, be he a 
pharmaci.st, should be intei-ested in the commercial 
course of tiiat most important of all drugs — 
quinine. The year 1899 has been a remarkable 
one in the history of both the crude bark and 
the Knished alkaloid. Java, which has for years 
left every other country far alway behind in the 
supply of cinchona, has this year again beaten 
its record. It has exported about twelve and a- 
half million pounds of bark, nearly all to Am- 
sterdam, where it has been bought up chiefly by 
quinine manufacturers who will be able to make 
from the quantity named 625,000 pounds of 
quinine and other cinchona alkaloids. Think of 
it, ten million ounces of quinine practically all 
sold in a single year. This is not all the world 
requires in a twelvemonth, but the remaining 
Hfth or fourth of its needs are met from India, 
Ceylon, Africa and South America. — ^, and C. 
Druggist, Feb. 2. 
AMSTERDAM BARK MARKET. 
At the auctions to be held in Amsterdam on 
the 1.5th ins'-.ant 4,606 packages of ledger, olfici- 
nalis, and hybrid barks will be offered, as well 
as 513 cases, 625 bales and 89 serons of succirubra, 
making a total of 5,83.3 packages, containing 
513,644 kilogrammee (say 505 tons) of bark, equi- 
valent roughly to 25i tons (nearly 900,000 
ounces) of quinine sulphate. The Hr.«t hand 
stock of bark in Amsterdam on January 23rd 
was 2,606 packages of Government property and 
7.246 packages of private bark, a total of 9,852 
packages, including that to be effered at the 
auction on the loth instant. The shipments 
from Java for January are reported to be 660,000 
English lb. — British and Colonial Druggist, 
Feb. 2, 
A New " Rubber Plant."— The Seinaine 
Horticole of January 13 publishes an illustration 
and a figure of a new species of Ficus, signed F. 
Eetveldiana, L. Linden. It is a moderate-sized 
tree, growing in the Belgian Congo. The leaves 
are on long slender stalks, the blades cordate 
oblong. It will form a fine shade tree in the 
tropics, and snows rapidly under cultivation. — 
Gardmtri Chronicle, Feb. 10. 
Lupins for Green-MAnuring.— A Bulletin, 
by J. Burtt Davy, from the University ot Cali- 
fornia, has been issued with the above title. Tht 
author gives a bad character to all species of this 
plant, saying that : — " The Yellow Lupin is con- 
sidered much more poisonous than the large White, 
and the Perennial Lupin less so than any other 
species. In using any species for forage, great 
care must be taken not to use much at a time, 
espciially of the seeds, and not to use a Lupin 
ration without intermission. In the event of any 
cases of " lupinose " appearing, the use of Lupin 
should be abandoned entirely. Lupin should never 
be used exclusively in a ration. For forage pur- 
poses the Lupins, therefore, do not appear to offer 
any advantages over other leguminous crops, ex- 
cept as winter growers, and they are certainly 
more or less dangerous, and not to be recommended 
itdi^criminately,"— (rarrfe/iws' Chrmkle, i'eb. 10% 
