March 1, 1900.] Supplmmf to the "Trojpiml Agriculturist: 
645 
times being utilized as a cheaper substitute for 
another, in order to show their relations, both 
botanically and ecouomically, a division into 
classes is necessary, that the place and value of 
each form of fibre may be readily recognized. 
Several classifications will be found in the works 
relating to this subject, but after reviewing the 
1,000 or more species of vegetable fibres and 
fibrous substances comprised in this catalogue, a 
new scheme of classification, coti idered chiefly 
from the economic stand-point, ha ; I)ee;i devised, 
and is present«d as both simple and natural. 
« 
DETERMINATION OF AGE BY TEETH IN 
DOMESTIC ANIMALS.* 
Horse. — The horse has 24 temporary teeth. The 
male has 40 permanent teeth ; the female 36 or 
40- The smaller number is more usual in females, 
due to the lack of the tusks. The temporary 
teeth consist of 12 incisors and 12 molars; tlie 4 
c«ntre front teeth, 2 above and 2 below, are called 
pinchers ; the next 4 are called intermediate or 
lateral, and the next 4 corner teeth. The perma- 
nentteeth consist of 12 incisors, 4 tusks, and 24 
molars. The dental star is a yellowish ring 
appearing next the enamel on the table or crown 
of the tooth. The following table shows approxi- 
mately the changes of the teeth wich age: — 
3 to 10 days: Temporary pinchers and 3 
molars cut. 
40 to 60 days : Temporary intermediates or 
laterals cut. 
6 to 9 months : Temporary corner teeth cut. 
19 to 25 months : Levsling of temporary cor- 
ner teeth. 
2^ to 3 years : Pinchers replaced by perma- 
nent teeth. 
to 4 years: Intermediates or laterals i«- 
placcd. 
4 to 4| years ; Tusks eut. 
4| to 5 years : Corner teeth replaced. 
5 to 6 years : Leveling of lower pincher?. 
7 years : Leveling of permanent intermediate. 
8 years : Dental star and notches in pinchers. 
9 years : Dental star in intermediates. 
10 years : Dental star in corner teeth. 
Cattle — Cattle have 20 temporary and 32 per- 
manent teeth. The temporary are 8 incisors in the 
lower jaw and 12 molars. The permanent teeth 
are 8 iacisors and 24 molars. Cattle have no 
incisors in the upper jaw. The table for cattle is 
as follows : — 
At birth : Temporary incisors appear. 
5 to 6 months : Teeth decayed on border. 
6 to 7 months: Leveling of pinchers. 
12 months : Leveling of first intermediates. 
15 months : Leveling of the second intermedi- 
ates. 
18 months : Intermediate incisors become 
stumps. 
* Exact correspondence of the condition of an 
animals's teeth with its age is, of courae, not to be 
expected. It is only hoped that the tables here given, 
and approved by the United States Bureau of Animal 
Indastry, will aid in forming a reasonably accurate 
opinion in any actual caie. 
2 years: Permanent pinchers cut. 
2-| too years: Permanent first intermediates 
cut. 
years : Second intermediates or laterals 
cut. 
4 years : Corner teeth replaced. 
5 to 6 years : Leveling of permntieut pinchers. 
7 years : Leveling of first iutennediatef--. 
8 years : Lfivnling of second intermediates. 
9 years : Leveling of corner teeth. 
10 to 12 year> : Dental star in pinchers and 
iatermedi ites. 
13 years : Dental star in corner teeth. 
c^Aeep.— Sheep have 20 temporary and 32 per- 
maneiif. lenth. The table for changes is as follows: 
1 moui h : Milk incisors appear. 
3 moi.tlis : Milk incisors decayed on border. 
15 mouths : Permanent incisors cut. 
2 years : First permanent intermediates cut. 
33 months : Second permanent intermediates 
cur. 
40 mouths : Corner teef.h cut. 
^o,y*.~ Hogs liave 28 temporary and 44 per- 
manent I oeth. Tlie table for changes is as follows : 
At birth : Temporary corner incisors cut. 
1 t.j 2 months : Temporary central incisors 
cut. 
3 months : Temporary lateral incisors cut. 
9 to 12 months : Permanent corner incisors 
cue. 
12 to 15 mouths : Permanent central incisors 
cut. 
18 to 20 months : Permanent lateral incisors 
cut. 
EVERYDAY HINTS FOR POULTRY KEEPERS. 
ASHES UNDER THE ROOSTS. 
Among the very best materials to spread under 
the roosts in t!ie poultry houses are sifted coal or 
wood ashes. While they do not absorb as much 
ammonia as dried earth does, tliey answer the 
purpose well enough if used in sufficient quantity. 
HOAV TO KEEP EGGS POK HATCHING. 
As much as possible eggs for hatching should be 
kept so as to prevent the evaporation of moisture 
through the pores of the shell. If the eggs have 
to be kept any length of time, 1 have fdund it 
a good plan to place them in a box with plenty of 
bran ; some people prefer that the large end of the 
egg should be upwards. 
A BREED SUITABLE FOR MARKET. 
Those who wish to raise compact, heavy, 
finely-trained broilers or fowls for market should 
try Dorkings. A cross of a Dorking cock on large 
hens, especially Brahamas or Cochin, makes not 
only a heavy carcass, but an attrractive one. 
Young hens in laying, excel in quantity, 
though perhaps their eggs are inferior for hatch- 
ing purposes. 
EGGS FOB HATCHING PDRPOSES. 
It is advisable to keep eggs intended for hatch- 
ing above the freezing point, as when thoroughly 
