722 
Supplement to the Tropical Agriculturist .'' [April 2, 1000. 
remedies may be applied before the diseases have 
obtained a strong foothold. Koot knot is gener- 
ally caused by ellworms, which form galls, or 
irregulat'ly swollen diseased growth.-' on the roots, 
resulr.ing in the wilting and death of affected 
plants, which should be burned, the soil in which 
they have been grown being either carefully 
burned or sterilised with quicklime. The sleeping 
disease of tomatoes, caused by an internal fungus 
parasite, is surely indicated by the drooping of 
the leaves successively from the base of the plant 
upward, incrousing day by day, and sometimes 
accompanied by discoloration. At this stage the 
woody parts of a split root show a dingy yellow- 
his-brown hue, more pronounced five or six hours 
after being cut open. Infested plants should be 
burned, and th« soil in which they have been 
growing cleared out and sterilised by being mixed 
with quicklime. In cases of tomato-blight, the 
fungus-infested foliage shows rusty, yellowish 
spots, and the edges of the leaves often curl down- 
wards before the foliage shrivels and dies, leaving 
the stems bare. Spraying with Bordeaux mixture 
directly the first indications of disease are observed, 
and the removal of the badly affected plants, are 
effective remedial measures. The tomato-rot-fun- 
gus generally attacks only over half-grown fruits, 
the first symptoms being tlie appearance at the blos- 
som end of a small black spot, rapidly increasing 
in size until half the affected fruit is sunken, 
black, and destroyed, the injury usually extending 
uniformly frofn side to side across the tomato. 
The crop also suffers from a physiological trouble, 
a kind of tomato dropsy, visible in swellings on 
both leaves and stems, and in the curling of the 
former. This disease results from an excess of 
water in the tissues of the plant, and is encouraged 
by insuificient light, and by injudicious watering, 
especially in dull weather. 
A method of fertilising fruit trees in vogue 
in Holstein is suggestive, and not unworthy of 
a trial. The trees, it is said, receive no cultiva- 
tion, and the fruit is large, sound, and produced 
in abundance. Erery two years a few holes are 
dug iu the ground about 4 or 5 feet from the 
trunk of the tree, and about 1 foot deep, closer 
and shallower in the ca*e of young trees. These 
holes are filled with liquid manure about four 
times during the winter months, and for young 
trees this is diluted with water. If there is more 
liquid manure than is wanted, it is distributed 
over the surface of the orchard, using an old 
street sprinkling-waggon for the purpose. There 
is no reason why manure water should not be 
used once or twice after it is seen what the crop 
is likely to be; of course, not affording any at 
that season to trees not bearing a crop, or which 
are carrying only a few fruits, as to dose them 
would be to encourage, probably, an unnecessary 
growth of shoots. But in this matter, the culti- 
vator must be guided by the condition of the threes 
and of the soil. 
A noteworthy milking record has been established 
by the Red Foil cow Crocus, which belonged to 
the famous Norfolk dairy herd at Whitlingham. 
She gave birth to her third calf on May 11, 1890, 
since which date she continued uninterruptedly 
in milk till September 28, 1899, a period of over 
nine years, her milk yield in the last week of her 
life being at the rate of 4.3| lb. or nearly 4i 
gallons. During the nine years four months that 
she was continuously in milk she yielded 
altogether 50,428 lb., or nearly 23 tons of milk. 
Over the last five years the average quantity of 
butter fat in her milk was as high as 4'3 per 
cent. Her live weight when sent to market, after 
being on grass feed for the last .six months of 
her life, was 10 cwt. 1 qr. 11 lb. In the nine 
years since her last calving she gave something 
like 45 times her own weight in milk, and her 
average production during that period was 5,403 lb. 
of milk, or considerably over 500 gallons per 
annum. For a moderate sized cow this is a 
remarkable performance which has aroused much 
interest amongst the breeders of Eed Polls. 
